Fig. 3. CO₂ electroreduction performances.

a LSV curves of Cu^δ+NCN, CuNCN and CuO in a flow cell under CO₂ or Ar atmospheres. b FE of various products from Cu^δ+NCN, CuNCN and CuO at different potentials in a flow cell. c Ethylene partial current densities of Cu^δ+NCN, CuNCN and CuO at various potentials in a flow cell. d Performance of Cu^δ+NCN in a three-electrode flow cell to produce ethylene. e Comparison of the FE_C2H4 and reduction current of Cu^δ+NCN with recently reported catalysts. f Schematic illustration of the APMA-MEA biphasic electrode system apparatus. g FE_C2H4 of Cu^δ+NCN at various potentials in a biphasic electrode MEA system. h Stability performance of Cu^δ+NCN within the MEA to produce ethylene.