Table 1.
Comparison among the atmospheric concentration of BrC and the optical properties of BrC (365 nm) dissolved in deionized water (BrC_DI) and organic solvent (BrC_OS) in Dhaka city and other geographical regions from literature.
| Location | Solvent type | Sampling period | Concentration of BrC, μgm−3 | Optical Properties |
References | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absorption Coefficient, Mm−1 | MAE, m2g−1 | AAE | Refractive Index | |||||
| Dhaka, Bangladesh | BrC_DI | December 2021 to May 2022 | 19.13 ± 5.71 | 38.75 ± 21.90 | 2.16 ± 1.42 | 1.51 ± 0.080 | 0.06 ± 0.04 | This study |
| BrC_OS | – | 50.13 ± 19.77 | 2.95 ± 1.61 | 1.46 ± 0.10 | 0.08 ± 0.04 | |||
| Bhola, Bangladesh | BrC_DI | January 2016 | 11.5 ± 6.97 | – | 1.4 ± 0.2 | 6.1 ± 0.3 | [9] | |
| MCOH, Maldives | 1.84 ± 0.60 | – | 0.4 ± 0.1 | 6.9 ± 0.4 | ||||
| Godavari, Nepal | BrC_DI | April 2012 to May 2014 | 2.09 ± 0.50 (winter) 1.93 ± 0.95 (pre-monsoon) |
– | 0.83 ± 0.09 (winter) 1.05 ± 0.21 (pre-monsoon) |
5.35 ± 0.40 (winter) 5.18 ± 0.33 (pre-monsoon) |
– | [20] |
| Kanpur, India | BrC_DI | December 2015 to February 2016 | 25.8 ± 16.1 | 0.02–98 | 0.003–5.26 | – | – | [27] |
| Mumbai, India | BrC_DI | September 2017 to May 2018 | 13 ± 6 | 11.7 ± 3.8 | 1.03 ± 0.39 | 6.1 ± 0.4 | – | [28] |
| BrC_OS | 16 ± 8 | 18.6 ± 5.5 | 1.41 ± 0.76 | 5.6 ± 0.7 | ||||
| Delhi, India | BrC_DI | January to March 2018 | 15.7 ± 8.8 | 18 ± 12 | 1.12 ± 0.46 | 5.1 ± 0.5 | – | [29] |
| Mumbai, India | BrC_DI | March 2018 | 24.5 ± 10.3 (morning) 15.4 ± 3.1 (afternoon) |
13.3 ± 6.5 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 6.5 ± 1.5 | – | [30] |
| BrC_OS | 19.30 ± 7.1 (morning) 12.3 ± 5.5 (afternoon) |
22.4 ± 15.1 | 1.9 ± 0.7 | 5.8 ± 0.4 | ||||
| Visakhapatnam, India | BrC_DI | September to October 2017 | 1.31 ± 0.41 | 2.21 ± 0.89 | 1.77 ± 0.78 | 3.5 ± 0.5 | – | [31] |
| BrC_OS | 5.0 ± 2.2 | 3.19 ± 2.52 | 0.89 ± 1.07 | 5.3 ± 1.3 | – | |||
| Beijing, China | BrC_DI | December 2011 | 8.15 ± 5.36 | 10.22 ± 6.93 | 1.22 ± 0.11 | 7.28 ± 0.24 | – | [33] |
| BrC_OS | 17.54 ± 11.85 | 26.20 ± 18.81 | 1.45 ± 0.26 | 7.10 ± 0.45 | – | |||
| New Delhi, India | BrC_DI | October 2010 to March 2011 | 22 ± 12 | – | 1.1–2.7 | 5.1 ± 2.0 | – | [34] |
| Yulin, China | BrC_DI | December 2015 to January 2016 | – | 8.9 ± 4.9 | – | 5.2 ± 0.8 | – | [37] |
| BrC_OS | – | 27.5 ± 12 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | – | |||
| Kanpur, India | BrC_DI | December 2015 to February 2016 | 33 ± 9 | 73.2 ± 21.6 | 1.3–3.1 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 0.04 ± 0.01 | [38] |
| Allahabad, India | 27 ± 10 | 46.5 ± 15.5 | 1.5–2.5 | 5.2 ± 0.5 | 0.03 ± 0.00 | |||
| Kharagpur, India | BrC_DI | November 2009 to March 2010 | 14.64 ± 5.16 | 11.4 ± 4.8 | 0.70 | 6 ± 1.1 | – | [39] |
| Kanpur, India | BrC_DI | November 2014 to February 2015 | 28.8 ± 17.1 (non-foggy) 34.2 ± 17.8 (foggy) |
53.5 ± 19.5 (non-foggy) 69.3 ± 24.5 (foggy) |
1.6 ± 0.1 (non-foggy) 1.8 ± 0.21 (foggy) |
1.7–3.9 (non-foggy) 2.0–3.6 (foggy) |
0.07 ± 0.03 | [40] |
| Beijing, China | BrC_OS | September 2017 to February 2018 | – | 8.19 ± 4.46 (autumn) 12.48 ± 9.43 (winter) |
0.60 (autumn) 1.21 (winter) |
2.60–6.35 (autumn) 3.19–6.88 (winter) |
– | [41] |
| Lincun, China | BrC_DI | August, 2016 and January to February 2017 |
5.06 ± 1.11 (summer) 21.9 ± 9.3 (winter) |
5.0 ± 1.28 (summer) 19.6 ± 8.3 (winter) |
1.0 ± 0.18 (summer) 0.93 ± 0.25 (winter) |
5.43 ± 0.41 (summer) 5.11 ± 0.53 (winter) |
– | [42] |
| Qinling Mountains, Xian | BrC_DI | December 2020 to January 2021 | 6.25 ± 4.58 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 6.67 ± 0.11 | – | [43] |
| Taipei, Taiwan | BrC_DI | January to November 2021 | 1.71 ± 1.04 (winter) 1.07 ± 0.46 (summer) |
1.45 ± 0.90 (winter) 0.52 ± 0.25 (summer) |
0.49–0.96 (over the year) | 6.05 ± 0.56 (yearly average) | – | [44] |