Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics
| No DM, no CAD (n=44,309) |
DM only (n=6,195) | CAD only (n=67,466) |
DM and CAD (n=14,462) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male, % | 22,166 (50.0) | 3216 (51.9) | 46,892 (69.5) | 10,044 (69.5) |
| Age, median (IQR) | 61 years (52–70) | 62 years (54–70) | 67 years (58–75) | 68 years (60–74) |
| Current smoking, %a | 9510 (21.5) | 1186 (19.1) | 20,859 (30.9) | 3611 (25.0) |
| Body mass index, median (IQR) | 26 kg/m2 (23–29) | 30 kg/m2 (26–35) | 26 kg/m2 (24–29) | 28 kg/m2 (25–32) |
| Weight (IQR) | 78 kg (67–90) | 88 kg (75–103) | 80 kg (70–90) | 85 kg (74–97) |
| eGFR, mean (SD) | 79.7 (20.1) | 77.2 (24.4) | 75.7 (20.3) | 71.9 (24.5) |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Hypertension, % | 21,404 (48.3) | 4807 (77.6) | 36,367 (53.9) | 11,508 (79.6) |
| Heart failure, % | 6748 (15.2) | 1233 (19.9) | 11,296 (19.9) | 3398 (23.5) |
| Ischemic stroke, % | 670 (1.5) | 225 (3.6) | 1563 (2.3) | 704 (4.9) |
| Hemorrhagic stroke, % | 89 (0.2) | 15 (0.2) | 151 (0.2) | 49 (0.3) |
| Peripheral artery disease, % | 1015 (2.3) | 235 (3.8) | 3654 (5.4) | 1631 (11.3) |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter, % | 6991 (15.8) | 1156 (18.7) | 8192 (12.1) | 2199 (15.2) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease, % | 3714 (8.4) | 687 (11.1) | 4472 (6.6) | 1248 (8.6) |
| Nephropathy, % | 59 (0.1) | 432 (7.0) | 90 (0.3) | 1162 (8.0) |
| Peripheral neuropathy, % | 96 (0.2) | 329 (5.3) | 173 (0.3) | 944 (6.5) |
| Retinopathy, % | 33 (0.1) | 905 (14.6) | 40 (0.1) | 2428 (16.8) |
| Medical treatment | ||||
| Statin, % | 18,921 (42.7) | 4485 (72.4) | 56,999 (84.5) | 12,517 (86.6) |
| Beta-blocker, % | 21,906 (49.4) | 3392 (54.8) | 47,860 (70.9) | 10,051 (69.5) |
| ACE inhibitor, % | 12,456 (28.1) | 2872 (46.4) | 23,885 (35.4) | 7466 (51.6) |
| ARB, % | 6234 (14.1) | 1821 (29.4) | 10,411 (15.4) | 4275 (29.6) |
| Calcium channel blocker, % | 10,796 (24.4) | 2185 (35.3) | 19,148 (28.4) | 5891 (40.7) |
| Thiazide, % | 7008 (15.8) | 1285 (20.7) | 10,844 (16.1) | 2962 (20.5) |
| Aspirin, % | 22,660 (51.1) | 3847 (62.1) | 56,219 (83.3) | 11,943 (82.6) |
| ADP receptor inhibitor, % | 2839 (6.4) | 414 (6.7) | 38,536 (57.1) | 6990 (48.3) |
| VKA, % | 5947 (13.4) | 972 (15.7) | 5996 (8.9) | 1685 (11.7) |
| DOAC, % | 1091 (2.5) | 196 (3.2) | 1351 (2.0) | 364 (2.5) |
| Insulin | 0 (0.0%) | 1752 (28.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 4700 (32.5%) |
| Non-insulin | 0 (0.0%) | 3923 (63.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9287 (64.2%) |
| SGLT-2 inhibitors | 0 (0.0%) | 197 (3.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 460 (3.2%) |
| GLP-1 analogues | 0 (0.0%) | 247 (4.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 499 (3.5%) |
| Procedural priority | ||||
| Elective, % | 30,162 (68.1) | 4537 (73.2) | 30,148 (44.7) | 7576 (52.4) |
| Subacute, % | 10,384 (23.4) | 1282 (20.7) | 18,514 (27.4) | 4151 (28.7) |
| Acute, % | 3763 (8.5) | 376 (6.1) | 18,803 (27.9) | 2735 (18.9) |
| Procedural indication | ||||
| STEMI | 1967 (4.4) | 179 (2.9) | 16,649 (24.7) | 2235 (15.5) |
| NSTEMI/UAP | 5230 (11.8) | 673 (10.9) | 15,352 (22.8) | 3392 (23.5) |
| Stable angina pectoris | 17856 (40.3) | 2698 (43.6) | 22,662 (33.6) | 5513 (38.1) |
| Other | 19256 (43.5) | 2645 (42.7) | 12,803 (19.0) | 3322 (23.0) |
| Coronary artery disease | ||||
| 0 VD | 44309 (100) | 6196 (100) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| 1 VD | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 29,398 (43.6) | 4863 (33.6) |
| 2 VD | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 14,852 (22.0) | 3246 (22.4) |
| 3 VD | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 12,615 (18.7) | 3797 (26.3) |
| Diffuse VD | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 10,601 (15.7) | 2556 (17.7) |
Abbreviations: ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme; ADP: Adenosine diphosphate; ARB: angiotensin-II receptor blocker; CAD: coronary artery disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; DOAC: Direct-Acting Oral Anticoagulants; eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate; GLP-1: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1; IQR: interquartile range; NSTEMI: Non-ST-segment–elevation; SD: standard deviation; STEMI: ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction; SGLT-2: Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2; UAP: Unstable angina pectoris; VD: vessel disease; VKA: vitamin K antagonist. a13% missing values for smoking.