Fig. 4. The EEE decreased biofilm formation and increased ROS content in S. aureus.

(A) Quantification of biofilm content by optical density at 590 nm (OD_590nm). (B) Quantification of fluorescence intensity of H2-DCFDA. Bacterial cells were treated with DMSO (control), 1/8×MIC, 1/4×MIC, and 1/2×MIC of the extract for 4 h. The fluorescence intensities were calculated relative to the level of the sample at 0 h. Each data bar was presented as mean ± SD of three independent experiments. Statistical comparisons among samples were performed by ANOVA. Different letters indicate statistical differences with p ≤ 0.05.