Table 2. Brief descriptions of the study sites.

Site	Technique	Latitude	Longitude	Altitude (m)	Slope gradient (°)	Eco-restoration time
VC	Vegetation concrete eco-restoration technique	28°38′N	104°24′E	328.50	63	2004.12
FB	Frame beam filling soil technique	28°38′N	104°24′E	288.9	40	2004.11
TB	Thick layer base material spraying technique	28°38′N	104°26′E	388.9	51	2004.12
SS	External-soil spray seeding technique	28°39′N	104°23′E	473.9	30	2005.06
AS	Abandoned slag slope	28°38′N	104°24′E	520.5	42
NF	Natural forest	28°39′N	104°23′E	502.4	45