Table 2.
Subgroup analysis for the risk of diabetes in patients with COVID-19.
| Subgroups | Included studies, n | HR (95% CI) | Heterogeneity | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| I2 (%) | p-values | |||
| Type of diabetes | ||||
| Type 1 diabetes | 6 | 1.44 (1.13,1.82) | 89.1% | 0.003 |
| Type 2 diabetes | 8 | 1.47 (1.36,1.59) | 94.6% | 0.000 |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 7 | 1.37 (1.30,1.45) | 86.2% | 0.000 |
| Female | 7 | 1.29 (1.22,1.36) | 75.6% | 0.000 |
| Hospitalization | ||||
| Non-hospitalized | 3 | 1.16 (1.07,1.26) | 87.5% | 0.000 |
| Hospitalized | 4 | 2.15 (1.33,3.49) | 98.8% | 0.002 |
| Intensive care | 4 | 2.88 (1.73,4.79) | 95.4% | 0.000 |
| Vaccination status | ||||
| 0 vaccine received | 4 | 1.27 (0.99,1.63) | 86.3% | 0.064 |
| 1 vaccine received | 4 | 1.09 (0.73,1.63) | 67.9% | 0.676 |
| ≥2 vaccine received | 3 | 1.21 (0.92,1.60) | 55.7% | 0.178 |
| Region | ||||
| America | 11 | 1.52 (1.40,1.64) | 93.0% | 0.000 |
| Asian | 5 | 1.39 (1.25,1.54) | 92.3% | 0.000 |
| Europe | 5 | 1.60 (1.03,2.49) | 90.8% | 0.036 |