Table 1.
Clinical trials of fluorescence imaging for gastric cancer surgery.
| Authors | Journals | Research Methods | Number of Cases | Fluorescent Agent | Imaging System | Main Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chang-ming Huang [118] | International Journal of Surgery, 2021 | Prospective, Randomized controlled trial | 514 | ICG | NOVADAQ fluorescence surgical system (Stryker Corp., Kalamazoo, MI, USA) | 1. Selective fluorescence station lymph node dissection is recommended for patients with cT1-cT2 gastric cancer. 2. Systematic fluorescence imaging-guided lymph node dissection is recommended for patients with cT3-cT4a gastric cancer. |
| Chang-ming Huang [119] (FUGES-019) | BMC Medicine, 2021 | Prospective, Randomized controlled trial | 259 | ICG | NOVADAQ fluorescence surgical system (Stryker Corp., Kalamazoo, MI, USA) | 1. Intraoperative ICG administered by subserosal injection was comparable to that administered by submucosal injection for lymph node tracing in gastric cancer. 2. Intraoperative subserosal injection is a more reasonable choice: good patient satisfaction and cost-effective. |
| Vincenzo Mazzaferro [120] | Ann Surg Oncol, 2023 | Single-arm, simon's two-stage, adaptive, phase II trial | 18 | ICG | NOVADAQ SPY Elite system (Stryker®) |
1. ICG-Fluorescent Navigation Surgery may improve the quality of lymph node dissection without causing harm. 2. The real benefit of additional NIR-induced lymph node dissection seems to be limited. |
| Quirijn RJG Tummers [121] | World J Gastroenterol, 2016 | Single-arm trail | 22 | ICG: Nanocoll | Mini-FLARETM image-guided surgery system | 1. Excellent examination accuracy was observed in T1 and T2 gastric tumours with ICG combined with nanocolloids. 2. Tumour positive lymph nodes outside the standard anatomical plane can be identified. |
| Chang-ming Huang [74] (FUGES-012) | JAMA Surgery, 2022 | Prospective, Randomized controlled trial | 266 | ICG | NOVADAQ fluorescence surgical system (Stryker Corp., Kalamazoo, MI, USA) | ICG-guided laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer harvests more lymph nodes and reduces lymph node non-compliance, especially in patients undergoing total gastrectomy. |
| ICG:Indocyanine Green | ||||||