Table 2.
Microbial hazards in sesame seeds and sesame-based products.
| Microorganism | Product(s) | Sample collection point | Country (Country of origin)a | Prevalence (n/N)b | Analytical method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salmonella spp. | Sesame seeds | Retail | Italy (Nigeria) | 3/36 | Conventional | [46] |
| S. Montevideo, | ||||||
| S. Stanleyville, | ||||||
| S. Tilene | ||||||
| Salmonella spp. | Sesame seeds | Retail | Mexico (U) | 12/100 | Conventional | [47] |
| Salmonella spp. | Sesame seeds | Point of export | Burkina Faso | 95/359 | Conventional | [48] |
| Salmonella spp. | Sesame seeds | Point of import | United States of America (U) | 20/177 | Conventional | [49] |
| Salmonella spp. | Sesame seeds | Point of import | United States of America (U) | 23/233 | Conventional | [50] |
| Salmonella Offa, Salmonella Tennesee | Sesame seeds | Retail | Germany (U) | 2/16 | Conventional | [51] |
| Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 | Tahini | Retail | Germany (Turkey) | 1/12 | Conventional | |
| Salmonella Typhimurium DT104, Salmonella Poona | Halvah | Retail | Germany (Turkey) | 8/71 | Conventional | |
| Thermotolerant coliforms | Sesame seeds, Sesame-based snacks | Retail | Burkina Faso | 32/75 | Conventional | [52] |
| Microorganism | Product(s) | Sample collection point | Country (Country of origin)c | Prevalence (n/N)b | Analytical method | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Salmonella spp. | Sesame seeds | Retail | United Kingdom (U) | 13/771 | Conventional | [53] |
| Escherichia coli | 8/771 | |||||
| Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype (11:z41:e,n,z15) | Sesame spread | Retail, Household | Germany, Luxembourg (Sudan) | ND | Conventional, Whole Genome sequencing | [20] |
| Sesame seeds | Processor | Germany (Nigeria) | ND | |||
| Sushi containing sesame | Processor | United Kingdom (U) | ND | |||
| Salmonella | Tahini | Retail | Lebanon | 7/42 | Conventional | [54] |
| Escherichia coli | 18/42 | |||||
| Bacillus cereus | Sesame seeds | Retail | Japan (U) | 1/6 | MALDI TOF-MS | [55] |
| Bacillus spp. | Sesame seeds | Retail | United States of America (India, China, Mexico, Unknown) | 6/10 | 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing | [56] |
ND: Not Documented.
a
Brackets indicate the country where samples were collected. Where no brackets are used, the country where samples were collected was the same as the country of origin of the seeds. (U): Undeclared country of origin.
b
n/N: n, number of contaminated samples; N, Total number of samples.
c
Country where samples were collected. Where no brackets are used, the country where samples were collected was the same as the country of origin of the seeds. (U): Undeclared country of origin.