Table 2.
Mean baseline, follow-up, and difference scores by group, ANOVA results, and relevant effect sizes.
| Outcome | Baseline |
Follow-up |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean difference (95% CI) | Cohen's d (95% CI) | ANOVA (F) | ηp2 | |
| Child engagement (Primary) | 21.47∗∗∗ | 0.33 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 38.19 (13.75) | 61.71 (16.50) | 23.52 (15.87; 31.17) ∗∗∗ | 1.44 (0.81; 2.04) | ||
| Control | 45.67 (19.03) | 45.13 (21.30) | −0.54 (−7.70; 6.61) | – | ||
| Parent-child interaction–total utterances | 13.31∗∗∗ | 0.24 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 19.57 (21.84) | 50.24 (36.61) | 30.67 (15.90; 45.44) ∗∗∗ | 1.01 (0.47; 1.52) | ||
| Control | 38.75 (39.70) | 32.83 (34.21) | −5.92 (−19.73; 7.90) | – | ||
| Parent-child interaction–different words | 5.30∗ | 0.11 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 15.19 (22.34) | 36.57 (31.45) | 21.38 (10.32; 32.45) ∗∗∗ | 0.73 (0.24; 1.21) | ||
| Control | 24.29 (28.10) | 28.38 (30.96) | 4.08 (−6.27; 14.43) | – | ||
| ELSA-T–total utterances | 0.50 | 0.01 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 27.10 (35.99) | 60.76 (62.27) | 33.67 (8.59; 58.75) ∗∗ | n/a | ||
| Control | 37.50 (46.09) | 59.17 (61.46) | 21.67 (−1.79; 45.13) | n/a | ||
| ELSA-T–different words | 0.06 | 0.00 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 16.19 (28.88) | 39.14 (42.76) | 22.95 (6.01; 39.89) ∗∗∗ | n/a | ||
| Control | 28.38 (46.13) | 48.58 (67.60) | 20.21 (4.36; 36.05) ∗ | n/a | ||
| VABS-III–communication | 2.74 | 0.06 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 58.10 (21.64) | 72.00 (16.09) | 13.91 (7.13; 20.68) ∗∗∗ | n/a | ||
| Control | 60.46 (25.30) | 66.75 (21.03) | 6.29 (−0.04; 12.63) | n/a | ||
| VABS-III–daily living skills | 2.76 | 0.06 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 73.14 (16.11) | 80.57 (12.00) | 7.43 (1.17; 13.69) ∗ | n/a | ||
| Control | 72.29 (13.80) | 72.67 (16.28) | 0.38 (−5.48; 6.24) | n/a | ||
| VABS-III–socialisation | 2.05 | 0.05 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 69.00 (14.03) | 75.29 (12.29) | 6.29 (2.14; 10.44) ∗∗∗ | n/a | ||
| Control | 69.04 (8.92) | 71.29 (9.95) | 2.25 (−1.63; 6.13) | n/a | ||
| MSEL–early learning composite | 0.02 | 0.00 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 54.71 (8.97) | 57.48 (16.28) | 2.76 (−3.50; 9.02) | n/a | ||
| Control | 61.79 (19.79) | 64.00 (24.67) | 2.21 (−3.65; 8.07) | n/a | ||
| Parent ESDM fidelity | 15.65∗∗∗ | 0.27 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 55.63 (9.94) | 72.15 (9.09) | 16.52 (11.93; 21.11) ∗∗∗ | 1.48 (0.85; 2.01) | ||
| Control | 56.68 (11.27) | 60.87 (10.13) | 4.19 (−0.11; 8.48) | – | ||
| APSI | 0.82 | 0.02 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 22.67 (10.37) | 16.86 (6.60) | −5.81 (−11.27; −0.35) ∗ | n/a | ||
| Control | 19.79 (12.25) | 17.33 (13.20) | −2.46 (−7.56; 2.65) | n/a | ||
| PSOC | 3.82 | 0.08 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 66.24 (10.65) | 72.86 (9.18) | 6.62 (1.35; 11.89) ∗ | n/a | ||
| Control | 66.25 (10.46) | 65.88 (12.84) | −0.38 (−5.31; 4.56) | n/a | ||
| FQOL | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||||
| Low-intensity | 95.05 (13.41) | 96.48 (12.96) | 1.43 (−7.42; 10.28) | n/a | ||
| Control | 91.92 (12.97) | 93.33 (21.35) | 1.42 (−6.86; 9.70) | n/a |
∗p ≤ 0.05.
∗∗p ≤ 0.01.
∗∗∗p ≤ 0.001.
Note: ηp2 = partial eta squared; Cohen's d is only reported for significant within group changes within significant ANOVA models.