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. 2024 Jul 8;13(3):101068. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2024.101068

Table 1.

Seven key topics of meta-research applicable to traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine.

Meta-Research Topic Key Summary Points
Study Design and Research Methodology
  • Study design and research methodology are crucial for ensuring the quality and reliability of research findings, particularly in TCIM.

  • Meta-research in this area evaluates the methodological rigour, identifies biases, and proposes strategies to enhance research quality, aiming to improve the generalizability of findings and advance evidence-based practice.

  • Important considerations include the appropriateness of study designs, robustness of outcome measures, integration of diverse methodologies, and addressing ethical considerations such as informed consent and conflict of interest disclosures.

Reporting of Research
  • Reporting guidelines are essential for ensuring transparency and integrity in TCIM research, facilitating accurate and complete reporting, which aids in replication, critical appraisal, and clinical decision-making.

  • Meta-research evaluates adherence to these reporting standards, identifying biases and questionable practices, and aims to enhance the credibility and reproducibility of TCIM research.

  • Frameworks such as the CITE Framework provide guidance for integrating traditional knowledge with evidence-based approaches, emphasizing rigorous evaluation and comprehensive reporting to bridge traditional knowledge with contemporary health practices.

Research Ethics, Integrity, and Misconduct
  • The study of research ethics, integrity, and misconduct are vital in TCIM research, with ethics encompassing norms of conduct and integrity involving the practice of these norms, while misconduct includes fabrication, falsification, and plagiarism.

  • Meta-research in this area focuses on evaluating and improving processes such as informed consent, data management, and conflict of interest disclosures, which are critical for maintaining research credibility.

  • Addressing ethical concerns and promoting responsible conduct through meta-research helps maintain public trust, safeguard research participants, and uphold the integrity of TCIM research.

Replicability and Reproducibility
  • Replicability and reproducibility are crucial for ensuring the reliability and validity of research findings, with both terms relating to the consistency of study results when replicated or reproduced by other researchers.

  • Meta-research in this area evaluates how well study findings can be replicated or reproduced, focusing on transparency of methods, availability of raw data, and result consistency across studies.

  • Key factors influencing replicability and reproducibility in TCIM research include methodological variations, publication biases, and selective reporting of outcomes.

Peer Review and Journal Editorial Practices
  • Peer review and journal editorial practices are critical for maintaining the quality and integrity of research publications, with meta-research evaluating the effectiveness, reliability, and transparency of these processes.

  • Key considerations include the transparency of peer review procedures, reviewer expertise and diversity, consistency in editorial decision-making, and the identification of biases, conflicts of interest, and inefficiencies.

  • Promoting transparency and accountability in peer review and editorial practices helps prevent misconduct, ensures the robustness of TCIM research publications, and fosters trust in research dissemination.

Research Funding: Grants and Awards
  • Research funding is essential for advancing TCIM research, with meta-research evaluating the distribution, impact, and outcomes of funding, and identifying biases and disparities in allocation.

  • Key considerations include the transparency and fairness of funding processes, alignment of funding priorities with research needs, and the influence of funding sources on research outcomes.

  • Meta-research helps optimize resource allocation, foster collaboration, and advance evidence-based practice in TCIM by assessing the effectiveness and impact of research funding.

Hiring, Promotion, and Tenure of Researchers
  • Hiring, promotion, and tenure processes are crucial for academic advancement, with TCIM researchers facing unique challenges in this domain.

  • Meta-research evaluates the criteria, practices, and outcomes of these processes, focusing on transparency, fairness, recognition of research contributions, and alignment with evolving research priorities.

  • By identifying biases, disparities, and barriers, meta-research aims to optimize career advancement pathways, foster inclusivity, and enhance the quality and impact of TCIM research.