Table 6.

Comparison of effects of yoga intervention on health-related quality of life between groups over 4 time-points measures.

	YG (n = 16) Mean (SD)				CG (n = 18) Mean (SD)				Group-by-time Interaction			Group Effect			Time Effect
	T1	T2	T3	T4	T1	T2	T3	T4	F-value	p	Effect size, ηp2	F-value	p	Effect size, ηp2	F-value	p	Effect size, ηp2
Health-related Quality of Life (Specific to breast cancer)
FACT-B (total)	93.87 (22.33)	101.25 (21.99)a	103.60 (23.39)a	105.15 (20.13)a	93.94 (21.07)	93.22(18.60)	94.18 (17.95)	93.07 (20.22)	6.122	0.001*	0.161	1.148	0.292	0.035	5.149	0.002*	0.139
Sub-score of FACT-B
-Physical	20.50 (4.34)	21.81 (3.83)	22.13 (3.98)	22.44 (3.56)	19.72 (5.99)	20.11 (5.21)	20.72 (4.62)	20.17 (5.23)	1.085	0.359	0.033	1.010	0.322	0.031	3.937	0.011*	0.110
-Social	18.62 (6.56)	19.06 (6.68)	20.54 (6.15)a	20.65 (4.87)	19.44 (6.72)	17.17 (5.92)	17.73 (6.22)	16.73 (6.22)	5.284	0.005*	0.142	0.941	0.339	0.029	1.099	0.345	0.033
-Emotional	16.94 (3.75)	18.31 (3.75)	17.56 (4.32)	18.75 (3.28)	17.33 (4.30)	17.44 (3.43)	17.22 (3.80)	17.22 (3.64)	1.926	0.131	0.057	0.237	0.630	0.007	1.879	0.138	0.055
-Functional	17.06 (5.53)	19.25 (6.42)	19.25 (5.59)a	19.06 (5.85)	17.50 (6.24)	17.89 (5.84)	17.17 (6.31)	16.67 (6.82)	3.368	0.022*	0.095	0.452	0.506	0.014	2.515	0.063	0.073
-BCS	20.75 (7.19)	22.81 (6.74)	24.13 (7.51)	24.25 (8.11)	19.94 (4.80)	20.61 (4.43)	21.33 (3.66)	22.28 (3.92)	1.400	0.248	0.042	0.998	0.325	0.030	13.294	0.000*	0.294
-Arm symptoms	14.25 (2.72)	16.38 (2.55)a,#	16.63 (2.31)a,#	16.50 (3.29)a,#	12.78 (4.19)	13.39 (2.85)	13.17 (4.27)	13.94 (3.57)	3.194	0.027*	0.091	5.521	0.025*	0.147	10.243	0.000*	0.242

T1, baseline; T2, mid-intervention; T3, post-intervention, T4, 1-month follow-up; YG, yoga intervention group; CG, control group.

FACT-B, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–Breast; BCS, breast cancer subscale.

*p < 0.05, group-by-time interaction, group and time effect; ^#p < 0.05, between-group comparison at each time-point.

^ap < 0.008, within-group comparison relative to T1.