Table 4.

Factors associated with ever use of nicotine pouches among adults in Poland, 2024 (N=1080)

Variables	Univariable logistic regression	Multivariable logistic regression
		Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
	OR (95%CI)	AOR (95%CI)
Gender
Male ®	1	1	1	1	1
Female	0.86 (0.57–1.30)	0.78 (0.51–1.19)	0.82 (0.54–1.25)	0.92 (0.59–1.42)	0.82 (0.53–1.29)
Age (years)
18–29	9.40 (3.94–22.40)***	9.72 (4.07–23.22)***	7.18 (2.90–17.72)***	9.31 (3.71–23.39)***	4.91 (1.91–12.60)***
30–59	5.65 (2.56–12.45)***	5.72 (2.59–12.60)***	3.91 (1.69–9.05)**	4.04 (1.73–9.47)**	3.33 (1.41–7.91)**
≥60 ®	1	1	1	1	1
Occupational status
Active	3.18 (1.88–5.38)***		2.03 (1.15–3.60)*	2.11 (1.18–3.79)*	1.82 (1.01–3.31)*
Passive ®	1		1	1	1
Household income class
High ®	1		1	1	1
Medium	0.86 (0.54–1.36)		1.03 (0.64–1.66)	1.00 (0.61–1.64)	1.03 (0.62–1.71)
Low	1.16 (0.62–2.20)		1.36 (0.70–2.62)	1.21 (0.61–2.38)	1.22 (0.61–2.44)
Smoking status
Current	4.85 (2.83–8.32)***			5.71 (3.26–9.98)***	2.71 (1.48–4.97)**
Former	1.76 (0.94–3.31)			2.71 (1.41–5.21)**	1.74 (0.88–3.43)
Never ®	1			1	1
Ever use of e-cigarette or heated tobacco
Yes	9.34 (5.51–15.83)***				5.29 (2.96–9.44)***
No ®	1				1

Model 1: includes demographic covariates (including gender and age) to assess associations with ever use of nicotine pouches. Model 2: adds occupational status and household income class (a proxy for socio-economic position). Model 3: adds smoking status (tobacco smoking in the last 30 days). Model 4: adds ever non-combusted products use (e-cigarettes or heated tobacco products).

^*p<0.05.

^**p<0.01.

^***p<0.001.

® Reference categories.