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. 2024 Sep 9;24:198. doi: 10.1186/s12874-024-02327-x

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

The latent representation of simulation design removing the confounding variable. A shows the latent structure learned by VAE when applying the quantile transformation, and B is the visualization of latent space when using our proposed pre-transformations. In both plots, the red triangles denote the exposed individuals, and the blue circles symbolize the non-exposed individuals