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. 2024 Sep 6;16(1):2399260. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2399260

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© 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 5. — Metagenomic functions negatively associated with liver fibrosis in the cohort subjects and enriched in GF-MCD-B mice after bacterial inoculation.

(a) MetaCyc pathways and enzymes negatively associated with both fibrosis and advanced fibrosis in the 340 cohort subjects, and enriched in the gut microbiota of GF-MCD-B after bacterial inoculation. Abundance (CPM) of these pathways and enzymes is shown for the inocula used to treat mice on days 0 (I1), 5 (I2), and 10 (I3), and median abundances in the stool of GF-MCD-B mice before (d0) and after inoculations (d14, d28). (b) Abundances of MetaCyc pathways and enzymes significantly depleted in the gut metagenome of the cohort subjects with liver fibrosis. (c) Forest plot showing the increased risk of liver fibrosis in cohort subjects when the stool abundance of the identified MetaCyc pathways and enzymes were at low abundance (left), and the protective effect against liver fibrosis in cohort subjects when the stool abundance of MetaCyc pathways and enzymes were present at high abundance (right).