Table 2.
Estimation of the association between a variety of characteristics at the time of diagnosis of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) and subsequent time-to-death among adults living with HIV who were newly diagnosed with KS in Kenya and Uganda between 2016 and 2019.
| Unadjusted | Adjusted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | P | Hazard Ratio* (95% CI) | P |
|
| ||||
| Age, per 10-year increase | 0⋅87 (0⋅68 to 1⋅1) | 0⋅24 | 0⋅7 (0⋅69 to 1⋅1) | 0⋅27 |
| Sex | ||||
| Men | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Women | 1⋅01 (0⋅66 to 1⋅5) | 0⋅98 | 0⋅81 (0⋅51 to 1⋅3) | 0⋅36 |
| Highest level of education completed | ||||
| < Primary education | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Primary | 0⋅75 (0⋅48 to 1⋅2) | 0⋅21 | 0⋅75 (0⋅48-1⋅2) | 0⋅23 |
| ≥ Secondary | 0⋅82 (0⋅49 to 1⋅4) | 0⋅47 | 0⋅99 (0⋅58-1⋅7) | 0⋅98 |
| Monthly income, per 50 USD | 0⋅98 (0⋅89 to 1⋅1) | 0⋅63 | 1⋅0 (0⋅91 to 1⋅2) | 0⋅71 |
| Number of KS-suspicious lesions | ||||
| 1–49 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| > 50 | 1⋅2 (0⋅82 to 1⋅8) | 0⋅33 | 1⋅4 (0⋅92 to 2⋅2) | 0⋅11 |
| Number of anatomic sites† with KS-suspicious lesions, quartiles | ||||
| Quartile 1 (1 to 3 sites) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Quartile 2 (4 to 6 sites) | 1⋅3 (0⋅70 to 2⋅4) | 0⋅40 | 1⋅3 (0⋅70 to 2⋅5) | 0⋅48 |
| Quartile 3 (7 to 10 sites) | 1⋅5 (0⋅86 to 2⋅6) | 0⋅15 | 1⋅4 (0⋅80 to 2⋅5) | 0⋅20 |
| Quartile 4 (l1 to 16 sites) | 2⋅1 (1⋅2 to 3⋅5) | 0⋅007 | 2⋅2 (1⋅3 to 3⋅8) | 0⋅009 |
| KS-suspicious oral lesions | ||||
| Absent | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Present | 2⋅4 (1⋅6 to 3⋅5) | <0⋅001 | 2⋅2 (1⋅4 to 3⋅3) | <0⋅001 |
| KS-suspicious lesions with tumor morphology | ||||
| Absent | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Present | 0⋅86 (0⋅54 to 1⋅4) | 0⋅54 | 1⋅2 (0⋅68 to 2⋅0) | 0⋅60 |
| Edema attributed to KS | ||||
| Absent | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Present | 0⋅88 (0⋅55 to 1⋅4) | 0⋅61 | 1⋅1 (0⋅65 to 1⋅7) | 0⋅82 |
| ACTG Stage T1 ‡ | 1⋅1 (0⋅52 to 2⋅3) | 0⋅82 | 1⋅1 (0⋅51 to 2⋅5) | 0⋅77 |
| History of tuberculosis or cryptococcal meningitis | ||||
| No | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Yes | 1⋅6 (1⋅1 to 2⋅5) | 0⋅020 | 1⋅5 (0⋅93 to 2⋅3) | 0⋅096 |
| Hemoglobin, quartiles, g/dl | ||||
| Quartile 1 (2⋅6 to 8⋅7) | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| Quartile 2 (8⋅8 to 10⋅6) | 0⋅64 (0⋅39 to 1⋅1) | 0⋅080 | 0⋅56 (0⋅33 to 0⋅95) | 0⋅032 |
| Quartile 3 (10⋅7 to 12⋅7) | 0⋅47 (0⋅27 to 0⋅81) | 0⋅007 | 0⋅39 (0⋅22 to 0⋅71) | 0⋅002 |
| Quartile 4 (12⋅8 to 18⋅8) | 0⋅21 (0⋅10 to 0⋅44) | <0⋅001 | 0⋅19 (0⋅09 to 0⋅41) | <0⋅001 |
| CD4+ T cells, count/μl | ||||
| ≤ 50 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 51–200 | 0⋅52 (0⋅30 to 0⋅91) | 0⋅022 | 0⋅67 (0⋅37 to 1⋅2) | 0⋅18 |
| 201–500 | 0⋅37 (0⋅22 to 0⋅63) | <0⋅001 | 0⋅47 (0⋅26 to 0⋅84) | 0⋅011 |
| > 500 | 0⋅20 (0⋅09 to 0⋅46) | <0⋅001 | 0⋅28 (0⋅11 to 0⋅71) | 0⋅007 |
| Plasma HIV RNA, copies/ml | ||||
| ≤ 40 | Ref. | Ref. | ||
| 41–1,000 | 0⋅96 (0⋅5 to 1⋅7) | 0⋅89 | 0⋅79 (0⋅44 to 1⋅4) | 0⋅43 |
| 1001–10,000 | 1⋅4 (0⋅67 to 2⋅8) | 0⋅38 | 0⋅98 (0⋅47 to 2⋅2) | 0⋅97 |
| > 10,000 | 2⋅9 (1⋅7 to 4⋅7) | <0⋅001 | 1⋅8 (0⋅99 to 3⋅2) | 0⋅053 |
*
All variables adjusted for age, sex, CD4 count and plasma HIV RNA viral load
†
Anatomic sites for KS include: head, oral cavity, neck, chest, abdomen, back, right arm, left arm, right leg, left leg, right hand, left hand, right foot, left foot, genital and gluteal (total = 16 anatomic sites)
‡
ACTG T1 stage was defined as having any of the following based on physical exam or self-reported history: tumor-associated edema or ulceration; extensive oral KS lesions; visceral KS32