Table 1.
Baseline demographic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics of 529 participants enrolled from an HIV PrEP program clinic in Hanoi, Vietnam.
| Overall (N = 529) | Positive for C. trachomatis (N=108) | Positive for N. gonorrhoeae (N=76) | Positive for C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae (N=153) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | n (%) | p-value | n (%) | p-value | n (%) | p-value | |
| Median Age (IQR) | 25.1 (21.729.5) | 25.3 (21.1 – 29.7) | 0.869† | 24.8 (22.1 – 27.2) | 0.281† | 25.1 (21.5 – 28.3) | 0.336† |
| Age group | 0.644 | 0.243 | 0.834 | ||||
| 16– < 25 years old | 261 (49.3) | 51 (47.2) | 38 (50.0) | 75 (49.0) | |||
| 25– < 35 years old | 221 (41.8) | 45 (41.7) | 35 (46.1) | 66 (43.1) | |||
| 35 – 63 years old | 47 (8.9) | 12 (11.1) | 3 (4.0) | 12 (7.8) | |||
| Gender self-identification | 0.126‡ | 0.316‡ | 0.232‡ | ||||
| Man | 432 (81.7) | 85 (78.7) | 58 (76.3) | 121 (79.1) | |||
| Transgender woman | 9 (1.7) | 0 | 1 (1.3) | 1 (0.7) | |||
| Other/Unsure* | 88 (16.6) | 23 (21.3) | 17 (22.4) | 31 (20.3) | |||
| Education | 0.687 | 0.942 | 0.797 | ||||
| High school or below | 52 (9.8) | 13 (12.0) | 8 (10.5) | 17 (11.1) | |||
| In post-secondary training | 154 (29.1) | 31 (28.7) | 21 (27.6) | 45 (29.4) | |||
| Completed post-secondary training or higher | 323 (61.1) | 64 (59.3) | 47 (61.8) | 91 (59.5) | |||
| Monthly income in million VND (median, IQR) | 9.0 (5 – 15) | 8.5 (5–14) | 0.813† | 8 (4.5 – 14.5) | 0.5661 | 8 (5 – 14.5) | 0.493† |
| Employed | 419 (79.2) | 84 (77.8) | 0.682 | 63 (82.9) | 0.392 | 123 (80.4) | 0.668 |
| Gender of sex partners prior 6 months | |||||||
| Men only | 507 (95.8) | 105 (97.2) | 0.420 | 75 (98.7) | 0.180 | 150 (98.0) | 0.106 |
| Women only | 46 (8.7) | 11 (10.2) | 0.538 | 3 (4.0) | 0.112 | 11 (7.2) | 0.433 |
| Men and women | 1 (0.2) | 0 | 1.000‡ | 0 | 1.000‡ | 0 | 1.000‡ |
| No sex partners | 9 (1.7) | 1 (0.9) | 0.694‡ | 0 | 0.371‡ | 1 (0.7) | 0.458‡ |
| Number of sex partners in prior 1 month # | 1 (1 – 2) | 2 (1 – 3) | <0.001† | 2 (1 – 2) | 0.150† | 2 (1 – 3) | <0.001† |
| Anal sex with male partners in prior 1 month # | 396 (88.4) | 95 (94.1) | 0.043 | 64 (92.8) | 0.219 | 131 (92.9) | 0.043 |
| Anal sex position with male partner # | 0.633 | 0.109 | 0.385 | ||||
| Insertive anal sex always | 137 (34.6) | 29 (30.5) | 22 (34.4) | 44 (33.6) | |||
| Receptive anal sex always | 149 (37.6) | 38 (40.0) | 18 (29.1) | 45 (34.4) | |||
| Both insertive and receptive | 110 (27.8) | 28 (29.5) | 24 (37.5) | 42 (32.1) | |||
| Condomless anal sex in prior 1 month # | 203 (51.3) | 63 (66.3) | 0.001 | 39 (60.9) | 0.091 | 83 (63.4) | 0.001 |
| Vaginal sex with female partners in prior month # | 38 (7.2) | 8 (7.4) | 0.064 | 2 (2.6) | 0.814 | 8 (5.2) | 0.064 |
| Deep kissing in prior week # | 260 (86.1) | 61 (84.7) | 0.700 | 41 (89.1) | 0.518 | 85 (86.7) | 0.823 |
| Any group sex, prior 6 months | 65 (12.3) | 13 (12.0) | 0.929 | 14 (18.4) | 0.078 | 22 (14.4) | 0.350 |
| Any sexualized drug use, prior 6 months | 240 (45.4) | 68 (63.0) | <0.001 | 40 (52.6) | 0.169 | 88 (57.5) | <0.001 |
| Met sex partners via mobile apps | 297 (56.1) | 66 (61.1) | 0.244 | 55 (72.4) | 0.002 | 97 (63.4) | 0.032 |
| Pharyngeal symptoms in prior week | 126 (23.8) | 21 (19.4) | 0.232 | 20 (26.3) | 0.581 | 33 (21.6) | 0.438 |
| Rectal symptoms in prior week | 87 (16.5) | 25 (23.2) | 0.035 | 15 (19.7) | 0.403 | 29 (19.0) | 0.321 |
| Genitourinary symptoms in prior week | 72 (13.6) | 17 (15.7) | 0.469 | 15 (19.7) | 0.092 | 26 (17.0) | 0.148 |
| Any genitourinary symptoms at the day of enrollment | 14 (2.7) | 7 (6.5) | 0.012‡ | 8 (10.5) | <0.001‡ | 12 (7.8) | <0.001‡ |
| Any symptoms in prior week | 217 (41.0) | 49 (45.4) | 0.303 | 41 (54.0) | 0.013 | 70 (45.8) | 0.158 |
| Self-reported STI diagnosis in the prior 3 months | 29 (5.5) | 6 (5.6) | 0.970 | 6 (7.9) | 0.318 | 9 (5.9) | 0.796 |
| Used antiseptic mouthwash in the previous month | 286 (54.1) | 65 (60.2) | 0.152 | 38 (50.0) | 0.442 | 84 (54.9) | 0.805 |
*
Participants who were gender nonconforming or gender incongruent, or unsure of their gender identity.
†
Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test was performed
‡
Fisher’s exact test was performed
§
Variables that contains missing values because “Don’t know” or “Don’t remember” choice were treated as missing.
#
Sample size was lower than 529 due to skip pattern (e.g., sample size for “Condomless anal sex” was among people who reported engaging in anal sex)