Table 9.
Genetic and non-genetic related malformations observed in our study, comparing the malignant, and benign tumor groups
|
Congenital malformations |
Total ( n =102) |
Malignant tumors 77 (75%) |
Benign tumors 25 (25%) |
|
Non-genetic malformations |
87 |
67 (77%) |
20 (23%) |
|
Ureter and kidney: ureterocele, ureteral obstruction, hydronephrosis |
14 |
10 (71%) |
4 (29%) |
|
Face–eye: myopia, nystagmus, astigmatism strabismus, blindness |
28 |
18 (64%) |
10 (36%) |
|
Other facial defects: cleft lip, cleft palate, ear, nasal septal defect, micrognathism, retrognathia |
11 |
11 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
|
Gonadal: hydrocele, cryptorchidism, micro-penis |
18 |
17 (94%) |
1 (6%) |
|
Spleen: accessory spleen |
6 |
4 (67%) |
2 (33%) |
|
Heart: atrial and ventricular septal defect, mitral valve anomalies |
18 |
13 (72%) |
5 (28%) |
|
Integumentary–muscular: umbilical, inguinal, and diaphragmatic hernia, abdominal wall, neural tube defect |
11 |
10 (91%) |
1 (9%) |
|
Skeletal: scoliosis, sacral, coccygeal, foot, forefoot and knee deformity |
18 |
17 (94%) |
1 (6%) |
|
Ano-rectal: anorectal agenesis, fistulas, anal stenosis |
9 |
9 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
|
Thyroid dysgenesis |
4 |
4 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
|
Hydrocephalus |
1 |
1 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
|
Lung and tracheal: bronchogenic cysts, tracheomalacia, bronchopulmonary sequestrations |
5 |
5 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
|
Pancreas: annular pancreas and pancreaticobiliary malformation |
2 |
2 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
|
Liver: choledochal cysts |
2 |
2 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
|
Genetic-related malformations |
28 |
21 (75%) |
7 (25%) |
|
Down syndrome |
11 |
10 (91%) |
1 (9%) |
|
Prader–Willi syndrome |
3 |
3 (100%) |
0 (0%) |
|
Disorders of sexual development |
17 |
10 (59%) |
7 (41%) |
|
Dwarfism |
5 |
4 (80%) |
1 (20%) |
|
Osteogenesis imperfecta |
3 |
3 (100%) |
0 (0%) |