Fig. 1.
Schematic illustration for the nanoengineering of the ABL@ZnTA nanointerface. (A) Clinical situations in which functional coatings can be applied, including traumatic fractures and immediate dental implantation in bacterial infection microenvironment. (B) Preparation of the TA-ABL and ABL@ZnTA nanointerfaces on Ti implants. (C) Multiple interactions between TA and ABL, and metal chelation between TA and ZnII. (D) Osseointegration process on clinically used Ti implant through anti-inflammation and immunomodulation against bacterial infection.