Table 1. Clinical characteristics between cases and controls.
| Characteristics | MACE (n=121) | Without MACE (n=209) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men | 87 (71.90) | 151 (72.25) | 0.95 |
| Age (years) | 62.53±9.72 | 66.96±9.14 | <0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.91±22.52 | 136.36±23.63 | 0.19 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 84.39±11.66 | 81.82±11.98 | 0.06 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 3.98±1.01 | 3.95±1.03 | 0.83 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.56±0.91 | 1.53±0.92 | 0.81 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.97±0.19 | 1.01±0.22 | 0.14 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.1±0.7 | 2.1±0.74 | 0.94 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 5.47±1.95 | 5.73±2.38 | 0.39 |
| Cre (μmol/L) | 70.25±17.71 | 79.03±51.10 | 0.07 |
| Urea (μmol/L) | 6.27±2.24 | 6.97±4.47 | 0.11 |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 0.99±0.32 | 1.15±0.78 | 0.03 |
| Cigarette smoking | 0.77 | ||
| Never | 70 (57.85) | 132 (63.16) | |
| Former | 14 (11.57) | 21 (10.05) | |
| Current | 37 (30.58) | 56 (26.79) | |
| Alcohol intake | 0.18 | ||
| Never | 102 (84.30) | 170 (81.34) | |
| Former | 0 (0.00) | 8 (3.83) | |
| Current | 19 (15.70) | 31 (14.83) | |
| Hypertension history | 79 (65.29) | 133 (63.64) | 0.76 |
| DM history | 44 (36.36) | 70 (33.49) | 0.60 |
| Medications | |||
| Aspirin | 58 (47.93) | 117 (55.98) | 0.16 |
| Clopidogrel | 27 (22.31) | 74 (35.41) | 0.01 |
| NOACs | 11 (9.09) | 21 (10.05) | 0.78 |
| ACEI/ARB | 37 (30.58) | 60 (28.71) | 0.72 |
| CCB | 36 (29.75) | 57 (27.27) | 0.63 |
| Beta-blocker | 38 (31.40) | 73 (34.93) | 0.51 |
| Statins | 53 (43.80) | 104 (49.76) | 0.30 |
| Oral anti-diabetic medication | 33 (27.27) | 42 (20.10) | 0.13 |
| Insulin | 13 (10.74) | 19 (9.09) | 0.63 |
Age, SBP, DBP, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, Cre, urea, cystatin C, and glucose values are as means ± standard deviation, continuous variables with normal distribution were compared using the Student’s t-test, those with skewed distribution were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test; the number of individuals (n) with percentage (n/N) are indicated and were compared using the chi-squared test. MACE: a major adverse cardiovascular event, is defined as the need for repeat revascularization in the heart. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, triglyceride; TG, triglyceride; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Cre, creatinine; DM, diabetes mellitus; NOACs, new oral anticoagulants; ACEI/ARB, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors/angiotensin II receptor blockers; CCB, calcium channel blocker.