Table 2. Evidence of the microbiota association to oncogene drivers.

Microbiome	Reference	Bacteria	Results
KRAS	Jin et al. (59)	Herbaspirillum and Sphingomonadaceae	Increased bacterial burden, decreased diversity. Increase in tumor burden. Treatment with antibiotics reduced tumor growth and high-grade lesions
EGFR and airway microbiome	Zheng et al. (60)	Rhizopus oryzae, Natronolimnobius innermongolicus, Staphylococcus sciuri, Orenia marismortui, Burkholderia multivorans and Sinorhizobium	Differences found in lung microbiome according to age, gender, smoking and EGFR status
	Huang et al. (61)	Bacteroidetes, Tenericutes, Sharpea, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Parvimonas, Desulfovibrio, Mycoplasma, Actinobacillus, Dialister, and Eikenella	Alpha diversity between EGFR mutated and wild-type was similar. Differences in Beta diversity and in activated metabolic pathways
EGFR and Gut microbiome	Otoshi et al. (62)	Blautia	Decreased levels of Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium compared to controls
	Saifon et al. (63)	Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes	Higher alpha diversity in mutated. Similar Beta diversity between cohorts. Actinobacteria enrichment in patients with progressive disease after EGFR-TKI treatment
EGFR and intratumoral microbiome	Zhang et al. (64)	Serratia marcescens	Negative correlation to Haemophilus parainfluenzae. Serratia marcescens associated to better overall survival
MAPK pathway in other tumors	Boonanantanasarn et al. (65)	Enterococcus faecalis	Induction of EGFR pathway in patients with oral cancer. Production of H2O2 or EGF-like signals which stimulate cell proliferation
	Wong et al. (66)	Helicobacter pylori	Increase in EGF protein and EGFR mRNA expression in the antral mucosa to promote injury repair and ulcer healing, but increasing risk of malignancy

EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor; MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinases.