Table 3.

Studies on SiNPs and their inflammatory effect

Studied NPs	Findings	Effect	Ref.
SiNPs	Generated proinflammatory mediators ROS generation, lysosomal dysfunction	Pulmonary inflammation in mice	[103]
SiNPs	Weight loss Presence of ulcers Cellular infiltration No effect on microbial composition	Exacerbated intestinal inflammation	[104]
SiNPs	Myocardial tissue rupture Myocyte apoptosis Activation of systemic and heart inflammation Oxidative damage	Myocardial injury and inflammation	[105]
SiNPs	Inflammatory cytokines activation ROS generation	Pulmonary inflammation	[106]
MSN	Slight inflammation Changes in gut microbiota	Potential colon inflammation	[107]
Nano-SiO 2	Mast cell activation Increased mucus production Airway inflammation	Exacerbating allergic inflammation	[108]

MSN: Mesoporous silica nanoparticle; NPs: Nanoparticles; ROS: Reactive oxygen species; SiNPs: Silica nanoparticles; SiO2: Silicon dioxide