Figure 3.

Population-attributable fractions (PAFs) for cancer mortality

(A) PAFs associated with clusters of risk factors in the overall population, women, and men.

(B–D) PAFs associated with individual risk factors in the overall population, women, and men.

Models were adjusted for age, gender, and region, and individual risk factors were mutually adjusted. We showed the top ten most contributed risk factors based on population-attributable fractions of each mortality outcome. Gross domestic product per capita and ambient PM_2.5 air pollution were not included in this figure since they were community-level risk factors and analyzed using separate model. The negative population-attributable fractions were truncated at a lower limit of 0 when calculating the cluster estimates. See also Table S3.