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. 2024 Sep 10;21:220. doi: 10.1186/s12974-024-03209-1

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — BCAS induces dynamic changes of ChP SPAK-NKCC1 complex protein expression. A Representative images of left and right LVCP of Sham brains stained for epithelial cytoskeletal cytokeratin protein. Dashed box: ROI for data quantification. B Representative images of immunofluorescent staining of SPAK and NKCC1 proteins in LVCP of Sham or BCAS mice at 4, 6, or 8 weeks after surgery. Arrowheads: ROI of apical membrane SPAK or NKCC1 protein expression. Arrows: BCAS-induced changes of SPAK and NKCC1 protein. C Quantification analysis of SPAK and NKCC1 immunofluorescence intensity in each group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. n = 4 mouse brains. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. One Sample t-test. Unpaired t-test. D Representative immunofluorescent staining images of phosphorylated SPAK (pSPAK), and NKCC1 protein (pNKCC1) in LVCP. Arrowheads: apical membrane expression of pSPAK or pNKCC1 protein. Arrows: BCAS-induced changes of pSPAK and pNKCC1 protein expression. E Quantification analysis of pSPAK and pNKCC1 immunofluorescence intensity in each group. Data are expressed as mean ± SD. n = 4 mouse brains. *p < 0.05. One Sample t-test. Unpaired t-test