Table 3. Effect of gender on the risk of second primary cancers in UTUC.

Site of second malignancy	Man			Woman
	O	SIR		O	SIR
All sites	2,170	2.33*		1130	2.79*
All solid tumors	2,072	2.51*		5	3.50*
Urinary system
Ureter	34	17.71*		559	42.20*
Urinary bladder	1,001	13.15*		21	33.72*
Renal pelvis	28	10.50*		8	7.36*
Penis	6	3.97*		0	0.00
Kidney	37	1.60*		9	1.20
Prostate	317	1.16*		0	0.00
Digestive system
Small intestine	8	2.34*		1	0.60
Hepatic flexure	10	2.31*		2	0.78
Transverse colon	16	2.18*		5	1.02
Splenic flexure	6	1.94*		5	3.50*
Cecum	30	1.72*		22	1.74*
Colon excluding rectum	131	1.65*		58	1.22
Sigmoid colon	36	1.47*		9	0.82
Stomach	17	0.79		9	2.30*
Respiratory system
Lung and bronchus	277	1.84*		20	1.74*
Nervous system
Brain	15	1.80*		7	1.90

*, P<0.05. UTUC, upper-tract urothelial carcinoma; O, observed number of cases; SIR, standardized incidence ratio (ratio of observed to expected number of second malignancies).