Table 5. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis of SPMs patients after UTUC in the training and validation sets.
| Variable | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P value | HR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Age at UTUC diagnosis | |||||
| <60 years | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| ≥60, <70 years | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 0.12 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.06 | |
| ≥70, <80 years | 3.5 (2.1–6.0) | <0.001 | 2.9 (1.7–4.8) | <0.001 | |
| ≥80 years | 4.8 (3.1–7.3) | <0.001 | 4.9 (3.2–7.8) | <0.001 | |
| Race | |||||
| White | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Black | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.15 | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.44 | |
| Other | 0.7 (0.5–0.9) | 0.004 | 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 0.004 | |
| Gender | |||||
| Man | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Woman | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 0.20 | 0.8 (0.7–0.9) | 0.004 | |
| Marital status at UTUC diagnosis | |||||
| Unmarried | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Married | 1.2 (0.9–1.5) | 0.19 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.55 | |
| UTUC site | |||||
| Ureter | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Renal pelvis | 1.0 (0.9–1.2) | 0.90 | 1.1 (0.9–1.2) | 0.50 | |
| UTUC grade | |||||
| I | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| II | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.18 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.25 | |
| III | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 0.13 | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 0.58 | |
| IV | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 0.04 | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.97 | |
| Laterality | |||||
| Right | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Left | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.10 | 0.9 (0.8–1.0) | 0.17 | |
| UTUC SEER historic stage | |||||
| Localized | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Regional | 1.5 (1.3–1.7) | <0.001 | 1.2 (1.0–1.4) | 0.01 | |
| Distant | 3.3 (2.1–5.2) | <0.001 | 2.3 (1.4–3.8) | <0.001 | |
| Unstaged | 1.3 (0.8–2.1) | 0.23 | 0.9 (0.6–1.5) | 0.77 | |
| UTUC radiation | |||||
| No | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Yes | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 0.18 | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 0.87 | |
| UTUC chemotherapy | |||||
| No | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Yes | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.057 | 1.3 (1.0–1.7) | 0.09 | |
| UTUC surgery | |||||
| No | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Yes | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.11 | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.03 | |
| SPM site | |||||
| Bladder | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Lung and bronchus | 2.0 (1.6–2.6) | <0.001 | 0.9 (0.5–1.5) | 0.67 | |
| Breast | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | 0.02 | 0.6 (0.2–1.3) | 0.19 | |
| Kidney, renal pelvis and ureter | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | 0.95 | 0.7 (0.4–1.0) | 0.08 | |
| Colon | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | 0.13 | 0.7 (0.4–1.4) | 0.37 | |
| Others | 2.1 (1.6–2.6) | <0.001 | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 0.76 | |
| SPM histologic type | |||||
| Transitional cell | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Adenoma | 1.7 (1.4–2.2) | <0.001 | 1.6 (1.0–2.6) | 0.07 | |
| Squamous cell | 2.1 (1.5–2.9) | <0.001 | 1.3 (0.7–2.3) | 0.39 | |
| Intraductal | 0.6 (0.4–1.0) | 0.04 | 1.0 (0.4–2.3) | 0.93 | |
| Others | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | <0.001 | 1.3 (0.8–2.0) | 0.31 | |
| SPM grade | |||||
| I | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| II | 1.4 (1.1–1.7) | 0.008 | 1.3 (1.0–1.6) | 0.03 | |
| III | 2.0 (1.6–2.5) | <0.001 | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | <0.001 | |
| IV | 1.9 (1.5–2.4) | <0.001 | 1.6 (1.2–2.0) | 0.001 | |
| SPM SEER historic stage | |||||
| Localized | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Regional | 2.1 (1.8–2.5) | <0.001 | 2.2 (1.7–2.7) | <0.001 | |
| Distant | 6.2 (4.7–8.3) | <0.001 | 6.3 (4.4–8.9) | <0.001 | |
| Unstaged | 2.3 (1.6–3.3) | <0.001 | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 0.06 | |
| SPM radiation | |||||
| No | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Yes | 1.2 (0.8–1.6) | 0.37 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.32 | |
| SPM chemotherapy | |||||
| No | Reference | Reference | |||
| Yes | 1.3 (1.1–1.6) | 0.007 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.52 | |
| SPM surgery | |||||
| No | Reference | – | Reference | – | |
| Yes | 0.6 (0.5–0.7) | <0.001 | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) | 0.18 | |
| Latency months | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.53 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 0.87 | |
SPM, second primary malignancy; UTUC, upper-tract urothelial carcinoma; HR, hazard ratio; SEER, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results.