Table 4.
Information on surgical adverse events (AEs) and outcome at 90 days and 12 months in=71 patients with degenerative disc disease undergoing standard TLIF surgery, or TLIF with release of the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) between L4 and S1 (transforaminal anterior release = TFAR).
| 90 d |
12 mo |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TFAR | Standard TLIF | p-value | TFAR | Standard TLIF | p-value | |
| Any surgical AE at 90 d | .671 | .213 | ||||
| No | 12 (66.7%) | 36 (67.9%) | 16 (88.9%) | 40 (75.5%) | ||
| Yes | 6 (33.3%) | 15 (28.3%) | 1 (5.6%) | 12 (22.6%) | ||
| Missing | −(0.0%) | 2 (3.8%) | 1 (5.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | ||
| Surgical AEs | .756 | .532 | ||||
| Instrumentation malposition | 2 (33.3%) | 5 (33.3%) | 1 (100%) | 5 (41.7%) | ||
| Adjacent segment pathology | 1 (16.7%) | 2 (13.3%) | −(0.0%) | 5 (41.7%) | ||
| Wound infection – deep | 1 (16.7%) | 2 (13.3%) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | ||
| New sensory dysfunction | −(0.0%) | 2 (13.3%) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | ||
| New motor dysfunction | 1 (16.7%) | 1 (6.7%) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | ||
| Recurrence of symptoms | −(0.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | ||
| Pseudarthrosis | −(0.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | −(0.0%) | 2 (16.7%) | ||
| CSF leak | 1 (16.7%) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | ||
| Other* | −(0.0%) | 1 (5.6%) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | ||
| Consequences of surgical AEs | .706 | .786 | ||||
| None | −(0.0%) | 2 (13.3%) | −(0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | ||
| Nonoperative inpatient | −(0.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | ||
| Nonoperative outpatient | 1 (16.7%) | 2 (13.3%) | −(0.0%) | 3 (25.0%) | ||
| Reoperation | 5 (83.3%) | 10 (66.7%) | 1 (100%) | 8 (66.7%) | ||
| TDN grade of AE | .229 | .005 | ||||
| 1 (mild AE) | −(0.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | −(0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | ||
| 2 (mild to moderate AE) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | 1 (8.3%) | ||
| 3 (moderate AE) | 5 (83.3%) | 14 (93.3%) | −(0.0%) | 10 (83.3%) | ||
| 4 (severe AE) | 1 (16.7%) | −(0.0%) | 1 (100%) | −(0.0%) | ||
| 5 (death) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | ||
| Clinical outcome | .392 | .528 | ||||
| Excellent | 5 (27.8%) | 16 (30.2%) | 6 (33.3%) | 16 (30.2%) | ||
| Good | 3 (16.7%) | 18 (34.0%) | 4 (22.2%) | 12 (22.6%) | ||
| Fair | 9 (50.0%) | 14 (26.4%) | 3 (16.7%) | 18 (34.0%) | ||
| Poor | 1 (5.6%) | 4 (7.5%) | 4 (22.2%) | 6 (11.3%) | ||
| Missing | - (0.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1 (5.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | ||
| Working status | .962 | .196 | ||||
| Not working (invalidity) | 1 (5.6%) | 2 (3.8%) | 1 (5.6%) | 3 (5.7%) | ||
| Not working (retired) | 11 (61.1%) | 37 (69.8%) | 8 (44.4%) | 39 (73.6%) | ||
| Not working (sick leave) | 3 (16.7%) | 7 (13.2%) | 1 (5.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | ||
| Not working (jobless) | −(0.0%) | −(0.0%) | 1 (5.6%) | 1 (1.9%) | ||
| Working, full job | 2 (11.1%) | 4 (7.6%) | 3 (16.7%) | 6 (11.3%) | ||
| Working, partial job | 1 (5.6%) | 2 (3.8%) | 1 (5.6%) | 2 (3.8%) | ||
| Missing | −(0.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 3 (16.7%) | 1 (1.9%) | ||
| Total | n=18 (100%) | n=53 (100%) | n=18 (100%) | n=53 (100%) | ||
⁎
Other listed AEs at 90 days was atraumatic vertebral body fracture of L3 (n=1). Data is presented as count (percent) or mean (standard deviation). TDN, therapy-disability-neurology.