Table 2.
Mortality incidences
| Event/Total (%) | ImT-included time-fixed analysisa | ImT-excluded time-fixed analysisa | Time-dependent analysisa | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Person-days | Rate (95% CI)b | Person-days | Rate (95% CI)b | Person-days | Rate (95% CI)b | |||||
| Unadjusted | Adjustedc | Unadjusted | Adjustedc | Unadjusted | Adjustedc | |||||
| Non-CoI/ScI | 292/1322 (22.1) | 13,339 | 2.2 (1.9 to 2.5) | 2.4 (2.2 to 2.7) | 13,339 | 2.2 (1.9 to 2.5) | 2.2 (2.0 to 2.4) | 14,624 | 2.0 (1.8 to 2.2) | 2.0 (1.8 to 2.2) |
| CoI/ScId | 95/144 (66.0) | 2717 | 3.5 (2.8 to 4.3) | 1.9 (1.6 to 2.2) | 1432 | 6.6 (5.4 to 8.1) | 6.3 (5.3 to 7.7) | 1432 | 6.6 (5.4 to 8.1) | 6.4 (5.3 to 7.8) |
| Type of CoI/ScI | ||||||||||
| Bacterial | 85/129 (65.9) | 2270 | 3.7 (3.0 to 4.6) | 2.1 (1.9 to 2.4) | 1147 | 7.4 (5.9 to 9.2) | 7.9 (7.1 to 8.7) | 1147 | 7.4 (5.9 to 9.2) | 8.0 (7.2 to 8.9) |
| Fungal | 1/2 (50.0) | 28 | 3.6 (0.1 to 19.9) | 4.7 (1.6 to 14.5) | 21 | 4.8 (0.1 to 26.5) | 8.8 (1.7 to 44.6) | 21 | 4.8 (0.1 to 26.5) | 8.7 (1.7 to 45.0) |
| Bacterial + fungal | 9/13 (69.2) | 419 | 2.1 (1.0 to 4.1) | 0.7 (0.6 to 0.8) | 264 | 3.4 (1.6 to 6.5) | 1.6 (1.3 to 1.9) | 264 | 3.4 (1.6 to 6.5) | 1.6 (1.3 to 2.0) |
| Resistance statuse | ||||||||||
| No MDRp | 76/112 (67.9) | 2391 | 3.2 (2.5 to 4.0) | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.8) | 1190 | 6.4 (5.0 to 8.0) | 5.9 (4.7 to 7.2) | 1190 | 6.4 (5.0 to 8.0) | 5.9 (4.8 to 7.4) |
| ≥ 1 MDRp | 19/32 (59.4) | 326 | 5.8 (3.5 to 9.1) | 5.2 (4.7 to 5.8) | 242 | 7.9 (4.7 to 12.3) | 8.9 (5.8 to 13.5) | 242 | 7.9 (4.7 to 12.3) | 9.0 (8.2 to 10.0) |
Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, CoI/ScI co-infection/secondary infection, ImT immortal time, MDRp multidrug-resistant pathogen, Non-CoI/ScI no co-infection/secondary infection
aOutcome follow-up was from 1 July 2021 to 31 October 2021
bRates were calculated using Poisson regression and presented per 100 person-days
cAdjusted rates were controlled for sex, age, body mass index, comorbidities, and disease severity
dCoI/ScI was defined as either: (1) valid positive microbial culture and ≥ 1 clinical symptoms/signs (fever, increased white blood cell, increased C-reactive protein, increased procalcitonin); (2) 2 valid positive microbial cultures at the same site; or (3) negative/contaminated microbial culture and ≥ 3 clinical symptoms/signs for ≥ 24 h
eMDR status is defined as non-susceptibility to ≥ 1 agent in ≥ 3 antimicrobial categories available for testing