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. 2024 Sep 9;14:20935. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72030-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Type 1 fimbriae are essential for adhesion of bacteria to yeast. (A) Representative flow cytometer plots of interacted 5 × 10⁸ cells of fluorescent E. coli BW25113 or fimA and fimH mutants with 10⁸ of BY4741 yeast cells (B) Adhesion index calculated from the results of the three independent interaction experiments. The symbol ** shows significance difference at p < 0.001 compared to wild type BW25113 strain.