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. 2024 Sep 9;14:20935. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72030-w

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits any non-commercial use, sharing, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if you modified the licensed material. You do not have permission under this licence to share adapted material derived from this article or parts of it. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/.

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Effects of various sugars on the adhesion of bacteria to yeast. (A) 2 × 10⁸ fluorescent E. coli E22 preincubated with 1.0 M sugars (GlcNAc, N-acetyl-glucosamine; Man, Mannose; MeMan, Methyl-Mannose; Glc, Glucose; MeGlc, Methyl-Glucose) or with PBS (control) for 30 min before co-incubation with 10⁸ yeast BY4741 cell. (B) 2 × 10⁸ fluorescent E. coli E22 preincubated with increasing concentration of methyl-mannose (Me-Man) or mannose (Man) or with PBS to yeast BY4741 (10⁸ cells). The data are the mean of 3 independent biological replicates. **, P < 0.01, and *, P < 0.05.