Table 3.
The fertility traits of rooster sperm after artificial insemination with semen fresh, cooled, and frozen with DMA, DMSO, and EG as cryoprotectants (CPA).
| Parameters | Fresh | Cooled | DMA | DMSO | EG | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incubated eggs | 84 | 81 | 85 | 85 | 80 | |
| Fertile eggs1 | 60 (71.4%)a | 43 (53.1%)b | 14 (16.5%)c | 8 (9.4%)cd | 0 (0.0%)d | < 0.001 |
| Hatched eggs2 | 58 (96.7%)a | 38 (88.4%)a | 13 (92.9%)a | 6 (75.0%)a | 0 (0.0%)b | < 0.001 |
| Pipped eggs2 | 2 (3.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (7.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.549 |
| Early embryo death2 | 0 (0.0%)b | 0 (0.0%)b | 0 (0.0%)b | 2 (25.0%)a | 0 (0.0%)b | < 0.001 |
| Late embryo death2 | 0 (0.0%)b | 5 (11.6%)a | 0 (0.0%)b | 0 (0.0%)b | 0 (0.0%)b | 0.033 |
1
Calculated as a percentage of total incubated eggs.
2
Calculated as percentages of fertile eggs. Means with uncommon superscripts, within the same row, significantly differ at P < 0.05. Fresh: fresh semen as control; Cooled: semen after cooling without CPAs: DMA: semen frozen with dimethylacetamide; DMSO: semen frozen with dimethyl sulfoxide; EG: semen frozen with ethylene glycol.