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. 2024 Aug 26;12:1417600. doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1417600

TABLE 1.

Cell therapies for degenerative disc disease.

Author Year Trial Cells Cell number Number of patients Outcomes Follow-up period (months) Adverse events
Orozco (Orozco et al., 2011) 2011 Phase 1/2 Autologous BM-MSCs 1.0 × 107 10 Significant improvement in VAS, OD,SF-36 12 None
Elabd (Elabd et al., 2016) 2016 case series Autologous BM-MSCs 1.5 × 107–5.2 × 107 5 Improvement in strength and mobility 48–60 None
Henriksson (Henriksson et al., 2019) 2019 case series Autologous BM-MSCs 1.0 × 106 4 Not mentioned 8–28 One deterioration in low back pain
Noriega (Noriega et al., 2017) 2017 RCT, Phase 1/2 Allogenic BM-MSCs 2.5 × 107 12 Significant improvement in VAS and OD 12 None
Amirdelfan (Amirdelfan et al., 2021) 2021 RCT, Phase 2 Allogenic BM-MSCs 6.0 × 106–1.8 × 107 60 Improvement in VAS and ODI 36 One implantation site infection
Kumar (Kumar et al., 2017) 2017 Phase I Autologous AD-MSCs 2.0 × 107–4.0 × 107 10 Significant improvement in VAS, ODI, SF-36 12 None
Haufe (Haufe and Mork, 2006) 2006 case series Autologous HSCs NA 10 No improvement in pain 12 None
Pang (Pang et al., 2014) 2014 case series Allogenic UC-MSCs 1.0 × 107 2 Improvement in VAS and ODI 24 None
Lewandrowski (Lewandrowski et al., 2023) 2023 case series Allogenic UC-MSCs 5.0 × 106 33 Significant improvement in VAS and ODI 24 None
Mochida (Mochida et al., 2015) 2015 case series Autologous NP cells 1.0 × 106 9 Improvement in JOA score and lumbar back pain 36 None
Beall (Beall et al., 2021) 2021 RCT Allogenic spine-derived cells >6.0 × 106 123 Significant improvement in ODI and VAS 12 2/141 SAEs
Coric (Coric et al., 2013) 2013 Phase 1 Allogenic chondrocytes 1.0 × 107–2.0 × 107 15 Significant improvement in NRS, ODI, and SF-36 12 None
Tschugg (Tschugg et al., 2017) 2017 RCT, Phase 1/2 Autologous disc-derived chondrocytes 3.6 × 106–4.4 × 106 12 Not mentioned 1.5 6/12 TEAEs
Comella (Comella et al., 2017) 2017 case series Autologous SVF cells/PRP 3.0 × 107–6.0 × 107 15 Significant improvement in VAS, PPI, and SF-12 12 None
Pettine (Pettine et al., 2015) 2015 case series Autologous BMC 1.2 × 107 26 Significant improvement in ODI, VAS 12 None
Tuakli-Wosornu (Tuakli-Wosornu et al., 2016) 2016 RCT PRP NA 29 Significant improvement in NRS and function 12 None
Akeda (Akeda et al., 2022) 2022 RCT PRP NA 9 Significant improvement in RDQ and JOABPEQ 60 One post-injection pain

BM, bone marrow-derived; MSC, mesenchymal stem cell; VAS, visual analog scale; ODI, oswestry disability index; SF, Short Form. RCT, randomized controlled trial; AD, adipose-derived; HSC, hematopoietic precursor stem cell; UC, umbilical cord-derived; NP, nucleus pulposus. JOA, japanese orthopedic association; SAEs, serious adverse events; TEAEs, treatment-related adverse events; SVF, stromal vascular fraction. PRP, platelet-rich plasma; PPI, present pain index; BMC, bone marrow concentrate; NRS, numeric rating scale; RDQ, roland morris disability questionnaire. BPEQ, back pain evaluation questionnaire.