Table 2.
Features grouped by their importance for the LOP prediction.
| Classification run | Low importance | 1st quartile of FI | Medium low importance | 2nd quartile of FI | Medium high importance | 3rd quartile of FI | High importance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RF on core features (eight LOPs) | Grading (0.043), V (0.022), L (0.019) |
0.043 | N (0.096) | 0.098 | Leukocytes (0.107), Age (0.100) |
0.110 | Sex (0.371), HB (0.130), CRP (0.112) |
| GBT on core features (eight LOPs) | Grading (0.039), V (0.018), L (0.011) |
0.039 | Age (0.061) | 0.070 | CRP (0.091), Leukocytes (0.078) |
0.096 | Sex (0.477), HB (0.123), N (0.102) |
| RF on core features and TM (eight LOPs) | Grading (0.034), V (0.022), L (0.016) |
0.040 | CA 19–9 (0.049), CEA (0.046) |
0.066 | N (0.087), Leukocytes (0.085), Age (0.083) |
0.087 | Sex (0.377), HB (0.113), CRP (0.088) |
| GBT on core features and TM (eight LOPs) | CEA (0.024), V (0.019), L (0.009) |
0.028 | Grading (0.037), CA 19–9 (0.032) |
0.046 | CRP (0.081), Leukocytes (0.069), Age (0.055) |
0.081 | Sex (0.462), HB (0.119), N (0.094) |
| RF on all features (eight LOPs) | TBS Kidney (0.003), TBS Intestine (0.001), TBS Thyroid Gland (0.000), TBS Mamma (0.000), TBS Spleen (0.000), TBS Skin (0.000), TBS Omentum (0.000), TBS Heart (0.000) |
0.004 | TBS Brain (0.022), Sex (0.018), TBS Other Organs (0.016), L (0.012), TBS Stomach (0.010), V (0.006), TBS Adrenal Gland (0.005) |
0.022 | CEA (0.038), Leukocytes (0.036), HB (0.034), Age (0.032), TBS Bladder (0.028), TBS Bones (0.025), Grading (0.024) |
0.040 | TBS Pancreas (0.153), TBS Lung (0.115), TBS Liver (0.102), TBS Esophagus (0.101), TBS Lymphnodes (0.064), N (0.057), CA 19–9 (0.052), CRP (0.045) |
| GBT on all features (eight LOPs) | V (0.002), TBS Thyroid Gland (0.000), TBS Mamma (0.000), TBS Spleen (0.000), TBS Skin (0.000), TBS Omentum (0.000), TBS Heart (0.000), TBS Adrenal Gland (0.000) |
0.002 | TBS Bones (0.013), L (0.007), TBS Other Organs (0.006), Sex (0.006), TBS Kidney (0.005), Grading (0.005), TBS Intestine (0.003) |
0.013 | TBS Bladder (0.030), CRP (0.027), CA 19–9 (0.021), Leukocytes (0.019), CEA (0.018), HB (0.016), N (0.016) |
0.030 | TBS Pancreas (0.223), TBS Esophagus (0.158), TBS Lung (0.149), TBS Liver (0.092), TBS Lymphnodes (0.081), TBS Stomach (0.038), TBS Brain (0.034), Age (0.031) |
| RF on core features (four LOPs) | Sex (0.043), L (0.030), V (0.028) |
0.043 | Grading (0.050) | 0.080 | N (0.134), Age (0.110) |
0.146 | CRP (0.247), Leukocyte (0.199), HB (0.158) |
| GBT on core features (four LOPs) | Grading (0.043), V (0.027), L (0.027) |
0.043 | Age (0.048) | 0.054 | HB (0.122), Sex (0.060) |
0.152 | CRP (0.291), N (0.198), Leukocyte (0.183) |
| RF on core features and TM (four LOPs) | Sex (0.035), L (0.02), V (0.018) |
0.038 | Age (0.071), Grading (0.04) |
0.083 | N (0.114), HB (0.110), CEA (0.095) |
0.114 | CRP (0.193), CA 19–9 (0.158), Leukocytes (0.145) |
| GBT on core features and TM (four LOPs) | Age (0.033), V (0.018), L (0.016) |
0.039 | Sex (0.05), Grading (0.045) |
0.055 | Leukocytes (0.138), HB (0.093), CEA (0.06) |
0.138 | CRP (0.237), N (0.16), CA 19–9 (0.15) |
| RF on all features (four LOPs) | TBS Spleen (0.001), TBS Thyroid Gland (0.0), TBS Intestine (0.0), TBS Mamma (0.0), TBS Skin (0.0), TBS Omentum (0.0), TBS Heart (0.0), TBS Bladder (0.0) |
0.001 | TBS Other Organs (0.013), TBS Stomach (0.011), Sex (0.011), L (0.009), TBS Adrenal Gland (0.005), V (0.005), TBS Kidney (0.002) |
0.013 | Leukocytes (0.032), HB (0.031), CEA (0.029), TBS Bones (0.025), TBS Brain (0.023), Grading (0.018), Age (0.016) |
0.034 | TBS Pancreas (0.201), TBS Lung (0.136), TBS Liver (0.115), TBS Esophagus (0.1), TBS Lymphnodes (0.072), N (0.057), CA 19–9 (0.047), CRP (0.041) |
| GBT on all features (four LOPs) | TBS Thyroid Gland (0.0), TBS Intestine (0.0), TBS Mamma (0.0), TBS Spleen (0.0), TBS Skin (0.0), TBS Omentum (0.0), TBS Heart (0.0), TBS Bladder (0.0), TBS Adrenal Gland (0.0) |
0.000 | TBS Other Organs (0.005), TBS Kidney (0.005), TBS Bones (0.004), L (0.004), Grading (0.004), V (0.002), Sex (0.002) |
0.005 | CA 19–9 (0.018), HB (0.014), CEA (0.013), CRP (0.013), Leukocytes (0.011), Age (0.011) |
0.019 | TBS Pancreas (0.257), TBS Lung (0.18), TBS Esophagus (0.171), TBS Lymphnodes (0.096), TBS Liver (0.086), TBS Stomach (0.043), TBS Brain (0.038), N (0.022) |
For each classification run, i.e., combination of dataset and ML algorithm, we created four groups of features according to their individual mean feature importance (FI) for the respective classification in 10-fold NCV. The groups were determined based on the first, second and third quartile of the FI among all features in the respective dataset for the respective classification setting: features with a FI at most 1st quartile (low importance), features with a FI above 1st quartile and at most 2nd quartile (medium low importance), features with a FI above 2nd quartile and at most 3rd quartile (medium high importance) and features with a FI above 3rd quartile (high importance). All values shown in this table are rounded to three decimal places.