Table 3.

Phenolic profile of L. angustifolia wastewater (µg/Kg).

RT	Polyphenols	Microwave-assisted hydrodistillation	Traditional hydrodistillation
2.110	Gallic acid	6.53 ± 0.302	4.908 ± 0.333
2.240	Protocatechuic acid	181.397 ± 28.652****	141.852 ± 4.868
4.600	Neochlorogenic acid	2.676 ± 0.344	5.231 ± 0.072
4.610	Chlorogenic acid	nd	0.757 ± 0.003
5.170	trans-caffeic acid	10.457 ± 1.109	nd
7.560	Catechol	24.941 ± 2.121	26.688 ± 1.988
7.970	p-coumaric acid	3.908 ± 0.271	115.07 ± 2.782****
8.150	Gallocatechin + Epigallocatechin	nd	nd
8.740	Caffeine	2.117 ± 0.111	2.111 ± 0.066
9.160	trans-ferulic acid	1.071 ± 0.037	7.499 ± 0.115
9.170	(−)-Epicatechin	nd	nd
9.210	Catechin + epicatechin	nd	1.681 ± 0.166
10.12	Epicatechin gallate + gallocatechin gallate	nd	nd
10.30	Peonidin chloride	nd	nd
10.33	Rutin	36.527 ± 2.152****	19.297 ± 1.569
10.42	Quercetin	12.63 ± 1.144	nd
10.45	Hyperosid	2.037 ± 0.187	21.833 ± 1.193****
11.08	Hesperidin	nd	4.016 ± 0.167
11.08	Quercitrin	nd	0.173 ± 0.032
11.36	Myricetin	nd	nd
12.27	t-cinnamic acid	2.805 ± 0.085	2.246 ± 0.425
12.52	Cyanidin chloride	31.096 ± 2.894****	13.875 ± 1.123
12.52	Luteolin	127.007 ± 7.126****	66.731 ± 0.74
12.53	Kaempherol	34.497 ± 2.353**	19.654 ± 1.451
13.07	Naringenin	0.674 ± 0.003	0.691 ± 0.08
13.27	Pinobanksin	nd	0.907 ± 0.06
13.30	Apigenin	47.733 ± 0.995****	24.38 ± 1.238
15.03	Pinocembrin	2.791 ± 0.323	4.446 ± 0.266
15.11	Chrysin	5.503 ± 0.779	3.599 ± 0.278
15.27	Caffeic acid phenethyl ester	nd	0.007 ± 0.001
15.34	Galangin	0.28 ± 0.001	nd
16.80	Artepillin C	1.126 ± 0.052	1.67 ± 0.138

*nd: not detected; ****P < 0.0001; **P < 0.001.