Fig. 6.

Uptake of R848-protocells by human macrophages induces a pro-inflammatory state and increases their microbial uptake. (A) Schematic for experiments in B–F to evaluate R848-protocell-mediated reprogramming of human macrophages. (B) qPCR data of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers in human macrophages after each protocell treatment. (C) Graphs showing quantification of pro- and anti-inflammatory proteins from supernatant of human macrophage cultures after each protocell treatment. (Di) Incucyte images from time-lapse movies showing internalized bacterial particles (red) within human macrophages after each protocell treatment. (Dii) Post-software projection images of Di showing detection of macrophages (white outlines) and number of macrophages (white numbers). (E,F) Graphs showing bacterial load within human macrophages represented as mean fluorescence intensity curves of bacteria inside macrophages (E) and the area under these curves (F). Each dot in B and C represents one experiment, and in E, the mean of all experiments analysed. Error bars are mean±s.e.m. ns, not significant; *P<0.05; **P<0.01; ***P<0.001; ****P<0.0001 [unpaired two-sided t-test (B,C) or ordinary one-way ANOVA test with Bonferroni's multiple comparison post-test (F)]. n, number of experiments. Scale bars: 50 μm.