TABLE 1.
Participant characteristics stratified by cognitive status.
| Variable | Total | NC | MCI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 1273 | 923 | 350 | |
| Age (years) | 69.8 (9.8), 50–100 | 68.3 (10.0), 50–100 | 73.6 (8.0), 50–93 | <.001 |
| Sex (female) | 768 (60.3) | 602 (65.2) | 166 (47.4) | <.001 |
| Education (years) | 15.8 (5.7), 0–99 | 15.9 (5.0), 2–99 | 15.6 (7.2), 0–99 | .31 |
| Race | .56 | |||
| White | 1074 (84.4) | 781 (84.6) | 293 (83.7) | |
| Asian | 20 (1.6) | 11 (1.2) | 9 (2.6) | |
| Black | 161 (12.6) | 117 (12.7) | 44 (12.6) | |
| Hispanic | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Indigenous | 16 (1.3) | 12 (1.3) | 4 (1.1) | |
| Other | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0) | |
| Number of APOE4 alleles | <.001 | |||
| 0 | 772 (60.6) | 596 (64.6) | 176 (50.3) | |
| 1 | 427 (33.5) | 294 (31.9) | 133 (38) | |
| 2 | 74 (5.8) | 33 (3.6) | 41 (11.7) | |
| Past/current psychiatric history | 412 (32.4) | 297 (32.2) | 115 (32.9) | .87 |
| Posttraumatic stress disorder | 8 (0.6) | 5 (0.5) | 3 (0.9) | .81 |
| Bipolar disorder | 2 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (0.6) | .13 |
| Schizophrenia | 2 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.3) | 1 |
| Remote anxiety | 7 (0.5) | 6 (0.7) | 1 (0.3) | .72 |
| Remote depression | 259 (20.3) | 200 (21.7) | 59 (16.9) | .07 |
| Other | 134 (10.5) | 85 (9.2) | 49 (14.0) | .02 |
| NPS status | <.001 | |||
| No NPS | 852 (66.9) | 710 (76.9) | 142 (40.6) | |
| Non‐MBI NPS | 274 (21.5) | 168 (18.2) | 106 (30.3) | |
| MBI | 147 (11.5) | 45 (4.9) | 102 (29.1) | |
| Decreased motivation | 49 (3.8) | 12 (1.3) | 37 (10.6) | <.001 |
| Affective dysregulation | 102 (8) | 32 (3.5) | 70 (20) | <.001 |
| Impulse dyscontrol | 100 (7.9) | 34 (3.7) | 66 (18.9) | <.001 |
| Social inappropriateness | 31 (2.4) | 8 (0.9) | 23 (6.6) | <.001 |
| Psychosis | 9 (0.7) | 3 (0.3) | 6 (1.7) | .02 |
| MBI symptom severity | ||||
| Global | 1 (2.1), 0–21 | 0.6 (1.7), 0–21 | 2.1 (2.8), 0–15 | <.001 |
| Decreased motivation | 0.1 (0.4), 0–3 | 0 (0.2), 0–3 | 0.3 (0.6), 0–3 | <.001 |
| Affective dysregulation | 0.4 (0.9), 0–9 | 0.3 (0.8), 0–9 | 0.8 (1.2), 0–6 | <.001 |
| Impulse dyscontrol | 0.4 (1.0), 0–7 | 0.3 (0.8), 0–6 | 0.8 (1.3), 0–7 | <.001 |
| Social inappropriateness | 0.1 (0.4), 0–3 | 0 (0.3), 0–3 | 0.2 (0.5), 0–3 | <.001 |
| Psychosis | 0 (0.3), 0–3 | 0 (0.2), 0–3 | 0.1 (0.4), 0–3 | <.001 |
Note: All table values have been rounded to one decimal place, except for p‐values which have been rounded to two or three decimal places, as appropriate. Numeric variables are shown in mean (standard deviation), range. Categorical variables are shown in n (%). Statistical difference across cognitive groups were determined using independent samples t‐tests or chi‐squared tests, as appropriate. Remote depression and anxiety refer to episodes occurring more than 2 years ago.
Abbreviations: APOE4, apolipoprotein E e4; MBI, mild behavioral impairment; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; NC, normal cognition; NPS, neuropsychiatric symptoms.