Table 2.
Cox PH regression analyses for factors associated with breakthrough infections among overall population
| Effect | aHR (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|
| Age at fully vaccination (Years) | ||
| 18–29 | Ref. | |
| 30–39 | 0.82 (0.62, 1.09) | 0.17 |
| 40–49 | 0.78 (0.58, 1.05) | 0.11 |
| 50–59 | 0.55 (0.40, 0.74) | <.0001 |
| 60+ | 0.37 (0.26, 0.52) | <.0001 |
| Sex | ||
| Female | Ref. | |
| Male | 0.68 (0.53, 0.88) | 0.003 |
| Race | ||
| White | Ref. | |
| Black | 1.18 (0.94, 1.48) | 0.16 |
| Hispanic | 1.01 (0.61, 1.68) | 0.98 |
| Other/unknown | 0.56 (0.27, 1.16) | 0.12 |
| HIV transmission risk | ||
| Heterosexual | Ref. | |
| IDU/MSM | 0.99 (0.66, 1.50) | 0.97 |
| MSM | 1.12 (0.83, 1.50) | 0.46 |
| Other/unknown | 0.95 (0.75, 1.21) | 0.67 |
| Residence | ||
| Rural | Ref. | |
| Urban | 0.83 (0.68, 1.01) | 0.07 |
| History of covid infection prior vaccination | ||
| No | Ref. | |
| Yes | 0.82 (0.64, 1.06) | 0.13 |
| Vaccine brands | ||
| PFR | Ref. | |
| JSN | 0.86 (0.64, 1.17) | 0.3427 |
| MOD | 0.78 (0.66, 0.93) | 0.0053 |
| Mix | 1.62 (0.23, 11.65) | 0.6329 |
| Period | ||
| Alpha | Ref. | |
| Delta | 1.50 (1.25, 1.81) | <.0001 |
| Omicron | 2.86 (1.73, 4.73) | <.0001 |
| Booster received | ||
| No | Ref. | |
| Yes | 0.19 (0.15, 0.24) | <.0001 |
| Cardiovascular disease | ||
| No | Ref. | |
| Yes | 0.78 (0.55, 1.11) | 0.17 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | ||
| No | Ref. | |
| Yes | 1.24 (0.98, 1.59) | 0.08 |
| Diabetes mellitus | ||
| No | Ref. | |
| Yes | 1.47 (1.14, 1.90) | 0.00 |
| Renal disease | ||
| No | Ref. | |
| Yes | 1.32 (0.93, 1.87) | 0.12 |
| Liver disease | ||
| No | Ref. | |
| Yes | 0.87 (0.54, 1.41) | 0.58 |
| Peptic ulcer disease | ||
| No | Ref. | |
| Yes | 0.51 (0.13, 2.06) | 0.34 |
| Dementia | ||
| No | Ref. | |
| Yes | 0.66 (0.21, 2.10) | 0.49 |
| Recent CD4 counts (cells/mm3) * | ||
| <200 | Ref. | |
| 200–350 | 0.61 (0.42, 0.91) | 0.01 |
| 351–500 | 0.69 (0.48, 0.99) | 0.05 |
| >500 | 0.68 (0.49, 0.94) | 0.02 |
| Unknown | 0.43 (0.23, 0.80) | 0.01 |
| Recent HIV viral load (copies/ml) * | ||
| <200 | Ref. | |
| ≥200 | 1.05 (0.87, 1.26) | 0.63 |
| Unknown | 1.06 (0.69, 1.63) | 0.79 |
| AIDS at full vaccination date | ||
| No | ||
| Yes | 0.91 (0.76, 1.10) | 0.33 |
Note.
*
The most recent CD4 count or viral load closest to the fully vaccination date (between 2019 and 2021)