Table 4.
Association between tea consumption and risk of dementia in the participants.
| Tea consumption, cups/day | P-value | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| none | 0.5–1 | 2–3 | 4–5 | ≥ 6 | |||
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||
| All-cause dementia | |||||||
| Participants without hypertension | Model1 | Ref. | 0.862 (0.713, 1.042) | 0.778 (0.666, 0.908) | 0.734 (0.624, 0.862) | 0.844 (0.712, 0.999) | 0.003 |
| Model2 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.105 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.091 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.061 | |
| Participants with hypertension | Model1 | Ref. | 0.846 (0.748, 0.957) | 0.784 (0.710, 0.867) | 0.762 (0.687, 0.845) | 0.843 (0.756, 0.941) | < 0.001 |
| Model2 | Ref. | 0.871 (0.758, 1.000) | 0.768 (0.685, 0.862) | 0.763 (0.678, 0.859) | 0.772 (0.679, 0.877) | < 0.001 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | 0.866 (0.747, 1.004) | 0.793 (0.703, 0.895) | 0.768 (0.677, 0.870) | 0.798 (0.698, 0.914) | < 0.001 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | 0.826 (0.701, 0.972) | 0.788 (0.691, 0.900) | 0.774 (0.675, 0.887) | 0.820 (0.709, 0.949) | 0.003 | |
| Total population | Model1 | Ref. | 0.852 (0.768, 0.944) | 0.784 (0.721, 0.853) | 0.755 (0.692,0.824) | 0.845 (0.771, 0.927) | < 0.001 |
| Model2 | Ref. | 0.878 (0.781, 0.986) | 0.787 (0.715, 0.867) | 0.769 (0.696, 0.849) | 0.790 (0.710, 0.880) | < 0.001 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | 0.862 (0.762, 0.976) | 0.804 (0.726, 0.889) | 0.765 (0.689, 0.850) | 0.809 (0.722, 0.905) | < 0.001 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | 0.819 (0.714, 0.940) | 0.809 (0.724, 0.905) | 0.762 (0.679, 0.855) | 0.832 (0.736, 0.940) | < 0.001 | |
| Alzheimer disease | |||||||
| Participants without hypertension | Model1 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.110 |
| Model2 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.221 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.386 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.526 | |
| Participants with hypertension | Model1 | Ref. | 0.797 (0.657, 0.966) | 0.839 (0.721, 0.976) | 0.755 (0.644, 0.886) | 0.867 (0.733, 1.026) | 0.012 |
| Model2 | Ref. | 0.793 (0.635, 0.990) | 0.831 (0.696, 0.990) | 0.737 (0.613, 0.887) | 0.788 (0.646, 0.960) | 0.026 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.144 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.080 | |
| Total population | Model1 | Ref. | 0.799 (0.681, 0.938) | 0.824 (0.726, 0.936) | 0.752 (0.659, 0.859) | 0.822 (0.713, 0.947) | 0.001 |
| Model2 | Ref. | 0.791 (0.658, 0.951) | 0.827 (0.714, 0.957) | 0.769 (0.660, 0.896) | 0.762 (0.645, 0.900) | 0.007 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.061 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | 0.722 (0.578, 0.902) | 0.870 (0.733, 1.031) | 0.800 (0.670, 0.955) | 0.831 (0.687, 1.004) | 0.038 | |
| Vascular dementia | |||||||
| Participants without hypertension | Model1 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.429 |
| Model2 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.796 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.485 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.261 | |
| Participants with hypertension | Model1 | Ref. | 0.796 (0.620, 1.023) | 0.683 (0.556, 0.838) | 0.734 (0.596, 0.904) | 0.784 (0.627, 0.980) | 0.007 |
| Model2 | Ref. | 0.795 (0.598, 1.057) | 0.664 (0.525, 0.841) | 0.755 (0.596, 0.957) | 0.769 (0.597, 0.992) | 0.019 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.056 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.121 | |
| Total population | Model1 | Ref. | 0.798 (0.638, 0.997) | 0.695 (0.580, 0.834) | 0.729 (0.605, 0.877) | 0.804 (0.660, 0.979) | 0.002 |
| Model2 | Ref. | 0.783 (0.606, 1.010) | 0.699 (0.568, 0.860) | 0.748 (0.606, 0.923) | 0.782 (0.625, 0.978) | 0.017 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | 0.781 (0.596, 1.024) | 0.735 (0.592, 0.914) | 0.730 (0.584, 0.913) | 0.820 (0.648, 1.038) | 0.047 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | – | – | 0.125 | |
Model 1: adjusted for basic socio-demographic characteristics [age; sex; ethnicity; education level; occupation status; TDI; BMI].
Model 2: adjusted for Model 1 and lifestyle [smoking status; dietary patterns; alcohol consumption; physical activity; social contact; duration of sedentary behavior].
Model 3: adjusted for Model 2 and health-related issues [family history of dementia; APOE genotype; depression; history of cancer; history of cardiovascular disease].
Model 4: adjusted for Model3 and serum markers and drug use [Aspirin use status; lipid-lowering medications use status; dyslipidemia; hypertriglyceridemia; serum 25(OH)D status].