Table 6.
Association btween hot drink temperature and risk of dementia in the participants.
| Hot drink temperature | P-value for trend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very hot | Hot | Warm | |||
| HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | HR (95% CI) | |||
| All-cause dementia | |||||
| Participants without hypertension | Model1 | Ref. | 1.126 (0.979, 1.296) | 1.268 (1.060, 1.516) | 0.034 |
| Model2 | Ref. | – | – | 0.296 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | 0.338 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | 0.242 | |
| Participants with hypertension | Model1 | Ref. | – | – | 0.051 |
| Model2 | Ref. | – | – | 0.140 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | 0.154 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | 0.366 | |
| Total population | Model1 | Ref. | 1.105 (1.021, 1.197) | 1.192 (1.080, 1.314) | 0.002 |
| Model2 | Ref. | 1.103 (1.007, 1.209) | 1.151 (1.028, 1.289) | 0.042 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | 0.053 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | 0.111 | |
| Alzheimer disease | |||||
| Participants without hypertension | Model1 | Ref. | 1.257 (1.011, 1.564) | 1.446 (1.098, 1.903) | 0.029 |
| Model2 | Ref. | – | – | 0.128 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | 0.304 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | 0.416 | |
| Participants with hypertension | Model1 | Ref. | 1.208 (1.038, 1.406) | 1.268 (1.056, 1.523) | 0.026 |
| Model2 | Ref. | 1.270 (1.061, 1.521) | 1.230 (0.988, 1.531) | 0.034 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | 0.116 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | 0.223 | |
| Total population | Model1 | Ref. | 1.218 (1.075, 1.379) | 1.311 (1.126, 1.527) | 0.001 |
| Model2 | Ref. | 1.240 (1.073, 1.433) | 1.249 (1.044, 1.493) | 0.012 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | 0.051 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | 0.094 | |
| Vascular dementia | |||||
| Participants without hypertension | Model1 | Ref. | – | – | 0.228 |
| Model2 | Ref. | – | – | 0.437 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | 0.401 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | 0.591 | |
| Participants with hypertension | Model1 | Ref. | – | – | 0.640 |
| Model2 | Ref. | – | – | 0.640 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | 0.682 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | 0.694 | |
| Total population | Model1 | Ref. | – | – | 0.358 |
| Model2 | Ref. | – | – | 0.306 | |
| Model3 | Ref. | – | – | 0.351 | |
| Model4 | Ref. | – | – | 0.497 | |
Model 1: adjusted for basic socio-demographic characteristics [age; sex; ethnicity; education level; occupation status; TDI; BMI].
Model 2: adjusted for Model 1 and lifestyle [smoking status; dietary patterns; alcohol consumption; physical activity; social contact; duration of sedentary behavior].
Model 3: adjusted for Model 2 and health-related issues [family history of dementia; APOE genotype; depression; history of cancer; history of cardiovascular disease].
Model 4: adjusted for Model3 and serum markers and drug use [Aspirin use status; lipid-lowering medications use status; dyslipidemia; hypertriglyceridemia; serum 25(OH)D status].