Table 2.

Comparison between the proposed encoder and other works.

Structure	Time delay (ps)	CR (dB)	Footprint (µm2)
30	125	6	132	2019
32	2	–	1225	2016
33	0.2	–	880	2017
35	0.3	–	1500	2020
36	0.36	–	174.24	2020
37	0.24	8.59	259	2023
38	1.5	16.98	410	2023
This work	0.5	19.8	96.88	2024