Fig. 3.

In vitro cell assay and biosafety of PPS. (A). CCK-8 assay of cell viability after co-incubation of PPS or sildenafil with HUVECs (n = 5). (B). Cell migration rate of HUVECs co-incubated with PPS or Sildenafil (n = 3). (C). Cell migration rate of VSMCs co-incubated with PPS or Sildenafil (n = 3). (D). Tube formation assay of HUVECs co-incubated with PPS or Sildenafil. Scale bar is 100 μm. (E). Quantitative analysis of tube formation in the tube formation assay (n = 3). (F). Hemolysis assay of sildenafil and PPS. (G). The hemolysis rate corresponding to Fig. (F) (n = 5). (H) and (I) HE staining of major organs (kidneys, lungs, spleen, liver and heart). To evaluate the effect of PPS on the major organ functions of health and model rabbits. Scale bar is 200 μm.