Table 4.
Statistically significant risk factors for AE-IPF patients in the included studies.
| References | Risk factors | HR (95% CI) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Song et al. (2011) | Smokers | 0.585 (0.342–1.001) | 0.05 |
| FVC, % pred | 0.979 (0.964–0.995) | 0.011 | |
| Mura et al. (2012) | |||
| Prospective cohort | DLco, % pred | 0.93 (0.89–0.97) | 0.0008 |
| Concomitant emphysema | 3.20 (1.06–10.67) | 0.04 | |
| Kakugawa et al. (2016) | Immunosuppressive agent | 3.35 (1.27–8.84) | 0.014 |
| Cardiovascular diseases | 3.21 (1.24–8.32) | 0.016 | |
| Eosinophils, % (≥ 3.21%) | 2.89 (1.11–7.51) | 0.029 | |
| GAP stage (≥ II) | 3.23 (1.22–8.51) | 0.018 | |
| Okuda et al. (2019) | Minimum SpO2 in 6 MWT, 88% or less | 5.28 (1.44–19.32) | 0.012 |
| 10% or more FVC decline in 1 year | 4.14 (1.26–13.65) | 0.02 | |
| 15% or more DLco decline in 1 year | 4.66 (1.19–18.17) | 0.027 |
The FVC% value was obtained within one month after the first diagnosis. The DLCO% value is the baseline measurement value at the time of diagnosis.
FVC forced vital capacity, % pred % predicted, DLco diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide, GAP gender-agephysiology, SpO2 arterial oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximetry.