Figure 4.

Change in four soil taxa groups (Acari, Collembola, earthworms, and nematodes) in response to four global changes (GCs)

Hedges’ g was used as the effect size. Negative effect sizes indicate that the GC causes a reduction, and a positive effect size indicates an increase in that taxa group (measured using abundance, biomass, taxonomic richness, and Shannon’s diversity metrics). Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. Effect sizes where error bars do not cross the dashed vertical zero line, are significantly different from zero. The values of n indicate the number of cases of each taxa group within each GC in the model, with values in parentheses indicating the number of publications. Gray shading is for enhancing readability only.