Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the patients
| Non-NSTEMI N = 1,133 |
NSTEMI N = 402 |
Total N = 1,535 |
p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 657 (58.0%) | 296 (73.4%) | 953 (62.1%) | <0.001 |
| Age—years | 63 (55, 70) | 63 (55, 70) | 63 (55, 70) | 0.987 |
| Chest pain characteristics | ||||
| Early presenters (≤3 h) | 402 (35.5%) | 101 (25.1%) | 503 (32.3%) | <0.001 |
| Pain present ED | 666 (58.8%) | 205 (50.9%) | 871 (56.7%) | 0.006 |
| ECG findings | ||||
| ST-segment depression | 34 (3.0%) | 36 (8.9%) | 70 (4.6%) | <0.001 |
| T-wave inversion | 19 (1.7%) | 20 (5.0%) | 39 (2.5%) | 0.001 |
| Other ECG changes | 306 (27.0%) | 197 (48.9%) | 503 (32.7%) | <0.001 |
| No significant ECG changes | 783 (69.1%) | 164 (40.7%) | 947 (61.7%) | <0.001 |
| Risk factors | ||||
| Current smoking | 233 (20.6%) | 132 (32.8%) | 365 (23.8%) | <0.001 |
| History of smoking | 115 (10.2%) | 41 (10.2%) | 156 (10.2%) | <0.001 |
| Current alcohol intake | 116 (10.2%) | 62 (15.4%) | 178 (11.6%) | <0.001 |
| History of alcohol intake | 47 (4.1%) | 18 (4.5%) | 65 (4.2%) | <0.001 |
| History | ||||
| Coronary artery disease | 517 (45.6%) | 191 (47.5%) | 708 (46.1%) | 0.759 |
| Previous MI | 142 (12.5%) | 75 (18.7%) | 217 (14.1%) | 0.010 |
| PCI | 215 (19.0%) | 66 (16.4%) | 281 (18.3%) | 0.631 |
| CABG | 31 (2.7%) | 8 (2.0%) | 39 (2.5%) | 0.701 |
| Hypertension | 674 (59.5%) | 252 (62.7%) | 926 (60.3%) | 0.630 |
| Diabetes | 311 (27.4%) | 122 (30.3%) | 433 (28.2%) | 0.583 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 569 (50.2%) | 218 (54.2%) | 787 (51.3%) | 0.499 |
| Previous stroke | 89 (7.9%) | 36 (9.0%) | 125 (8.1%) | 0.797 |
| Previous heart failure | 13 (1.1%) | 2 (0.5%) | 15 (1.0%) | 0.588 |
| Kidney dysfunction | 19 (1.7%) | 15 (3.7%) | 34 (2.2%) | 0.047 |
| Peripheral artery disease | 14 (1.2%) | 2 (0.5%) | 16 (1.0%) | <0.001 |
| Treatment | ||||
| Medication | 941 (83.1%) | 193 (47.9%) | 1,134 (73.8%) | <0.001 |
| PTCA | 13 (1.2%) | 16 (3.9%) | 29 (1.9%) | <0.001 |
| PCI | 115 (10.2%) | 173 (42.9%) | 288 (10.8%) | <0.001 |
| CABG | 19 (1.7%) | 25 (6.2%) | 44 (2.9%) | <0.001 |
| Not necessary | 46 (4.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 46 (3.0%) | <0.001 |
| Vital signs | ||||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25 (22, 25) | 25 (23, 27) | 25 (23, 27) | 0.016 |
| Heart frequency (bpm) | 72 (65, 83) | 73 (65, 83) | 73 (65, 83) | 0.347 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 140 (126, 157) | 140 (124, 156) | 140 (125, 157) | 0.734 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 78 (70, 88) | 80 (70, 90) | 79 (70, 88) | 0.107 |
| RBC (1012/L) | 4.6 (4.2, 5.0) | 4.8 (4.3, 5.0) | 4.6 (4.3, 5.0) | 0.001 |
| WBC (109/L) | 6.9 (5.7, 8.3) | 7.8 (6.5, 9.4) | 7.1 (5.9, 8.6) | <0.001 |
| PLT (109/L) | 215 (179, 253) | 214 (180, 255) | 215 (179, 254) | 0.592 |
| Hb (g/L) | 140 (128, 151) | 144 (131, 155) | 141 (129, 152) | 0.001 |
| ALT (IU/L) | 22 (16, 35) | 24 (17, 35) | 22 (16, 35) | 0.105 |
| AST (IU/L) | 25 (20, 32) | 32 (24, 46) | 26 (21, 35) | <0.001 |
| Creatinine clearance mL/min/1.73m2 | 90 (75, 103) | 86 (68, 98) | 89 (73, 102) | <0.001 |
| Glu (mmol/L) | 6.7 (5.9, 8.7) | 7.2 (6.2, 10.4) | 6.8 (5.9, 9.2) | <0.001 |
| K (mmol/L) | 3.9 (3.7, 4.2) | 3.9 (3.6, 4.2) | 3.9 (3.7, 4.2) | 0.099 |
| Na (mmol/L) | 139 (137, 141) | 138 (137, 140) | 139 (137, 141) | <0.001 |
| Cl (mmol/L) | 104 (102, 106) | 104 (101, 106) | 104 (100, 106) | 0.176 |
| LA (mm) | 36.0 (34.0, 39.0) | 37.0 (34.0, 40.0) | 36.0 (34.0, 39.8) | 0.125 |
| LV (mm) | 47.0 (45.0, 51.0) | 48.0 (45.0, 52.0) | 48.0 (45.0, 51.0) | 0.002 |
| LVEF (%) | 60 (59, 63) | 60 (56, 63) | 60 (59, 63) | <0.001 |
| GRACE score | 101 (83, 122) | 116 (99, 139) | 105 (64, 111) | <0.001 |
Continuous variables are described as medians with interquartile ranges (25th, 75th), and categorical variables are described as numbers and percentages. ED, emergency department; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction; ECG, electrocardiography; PTCA, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; PCI, percutaneous coronary intervention; CABG, coronary artery bypass grafting; RBC, red blood cell; WBC, white blood cell; PLT, platelet; Hb, hemoglobin; ALT, alanine transaminase; AST, aspartate transaminase; LA, left atrium; LV, left ventricle; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction. Creatinine clearance was calculated using the CKD epidemiology collaboration (CKD-EPI) formula. Differences in baseline characteristics were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test for continuous variables and the Pearson chi-square test for categorical variables, as appropriate. p values represent differences between non-NSTEMI and NSTEMI patients.