Table 1. Basal characteristics of patients with acute exacerbation of COPD based on PA/A ratios.
| Variables | PA/A ratio ≥1 (n=111) | PA/A ratio <1 (n=324) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 74.1 (0.8) | 74.5 (0.4) | 0.72 |
| Males | 79 (71.2) | 290 (89.5) | <0.001 |
| Smoking status | 0.001 | ||
| Never | 42 (37.8) | 64 (19.8) | |
| Ex | 14 (12.6) | 54 (16.7) | |
| Current | 55 (49.5) | 206 (63.6) | |
| Pack-years | 22.0 (2.4) | 30.2 (1.1) | 0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 22.1 (0.3) | 21.7 (0.2) | 0.38 |
| Underlying disease | |||
| Hypertension | 50 (45.0) | 151 (46.6) | 0.82 |
| Diabetes | 32 (28.8) | 84 (25.9) | 0.61 |
| Pulmonary TB | 36 (32.4) | 89 (27.5) | 0.33 |
| Bronchiectasis | 16 (14.4) | 35 (10.8) | 0.30 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 18 (16.2) | 50 (15.4) | 0.88 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 12 (10.8) | 52 (16.0) | 0.21 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 5 (4.5) | 20 (6.2) | 0.64 |
| Previous cerebrovascular accident | 10 (9.0) | 25 (7.7) | 0.68 |
| Pulmonary function test | |||
| FVC (L) | 2.12 (0.08) | 2.63 (0.04) | <0.001 |
| FVC (% pred) | 58.0 (1.9) | 68.0 (1.1) | <0.001 |
| FEV1 (L) | 1.07 (0.04) | 1.23 (0.02) | 0.002 |
| FEV1 (% pred) | 43.9 (1.5) | 48.0 (1.0) | 0.041 |
| FEV1/FVC | 53.1 (1.2) | 48.2 (0.7) | 0.001 |
| DLco | 46.6 (1.9) | 50.5 (1.2) | 0.11 |
| GOLD stage | 0.19 | ||
| 1 | 2 (1.8) | 17 (5.2) | |
| 2 | 31 (27.9) | 111 (34.3) | |
| 3 | 55 (49.5) | 143 (44.1) | |
| 4 | 23 (20.7) | 53 (16.4) | |
| GOLD group | 0.52 | ||
| A | 17 (15.3) | 52 (16.0) | |
| B | 80 (72.1) | 240 (74.1) | |
| C | 0 (0.0) | 3 (0.9) | |
| D | 14 (12.6) | 29 (9.0) |
Data are presented as mean (standard deviation) or number (%). COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PA/A ratio, pulmonary artery-to-aorta ratio; TB, tuberculosis; FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 second; DLco, diffusion lung capacity of carbon monoxide; GOLD, global initiative for chronic obstructive lung disease.