Table 2.
Antioxidant activity of chemically modified EPS derivatives.
| EPS producing Strain | Tested dose of EPS | Antioxidant capacity of various chemically modified derivatives of EPS |
Degree of substitution (DS) |
References |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DPPH (%) | Superoxide radical scavenging (%) | Hydroxyl radical scavenging (%) | FRAP | Metal/chelation/Lipid peroxide inhibition (%) | DS | References | ||
| Antioxidant activity of sulfated EPS | ||||||||
| Streptococcus thermophilus GST-6 | 1.0 mg/mL | 18.29 for Sf; 9.26 for Um; 34.72 for AA |
48.24 for Sf; 34.63 for Um; 45.01 for AA |
59.22 for Sf; 36.47 for Um; 51.37 for AA |
– | – | 0.26 | Zhang et al. (2016) |
| Streptococcus thermophilus ASCC 1275 | 1.0 mg/mL | 10.07 for Sf; 7.40 for Um; |
19.66 for Sf; 12.65 for Um; |
12.63 for Sf; 7.85 for Um |
– | – | 0.31 | Li and Shah (2014) |
| Pleurotus eryngii | 1.0 mg/mL | 14.55 for Sf; 7.71 for Um; |
35.10 for Sf; 22.33 for Um; |
23.44 for Sf; 21.81 for Um |
– | – | 0.69 | Li and Shah (2014) |
| Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1 | 4.0 mg/mL | 59.5 for Sf; 38.0 for Um; 89.0 for vit C | 60.5 for Sf; 50.0 for Um; 75 for vit. c | 70.0 for Sf; 99 for Um; 55.5 for vit c | – | Metal ion chelation 72 for Sf; 45.5 for Um; 99 for vit c |
0.625 | Xiao et al. (2020) |
| Lactobacillus plantarum BR2 | 2.0 mg/mL | Approx. 64.75 for Sf; 61.0 for Um | – | Approx. 55.0 for Sf; 35.0 for Um; 70.0 for vit c | 41.0 for Sf; 15.0 for Um | – | – | Soumya and Nampoothiri (2023) |
| Lactobacillus plantarum ZDY2013 | 2.0 mg/mL | 20 for Sf; 2.5 for Um; 100 for Vit. c |
Approx. 55 for Sf; 48 for Um; 90 for vit.c |
Approx. 67 for Sf; 55 for Um; 90 for vit.c | – | – | 0.29 | Zhang et al. (2016) |
| Enterobacter cloacae Z0206 | 2.0 mg/ml | – | Approx.85.06 for Sf; 30.0 for Um 80.66% for vit.c |
Approx. 29.2 % for Sf; 12 for Um; 98 for vit.c | – | – | 0.60 | (Jin et al., 2011) |
| Enterobacter cloacae Z0206 | 2.0 mg/ml | – | Approx. 89.80 for Sf; 30.0 for Um; 80.66% for vit.c |
Approx. 31.5 for Sf, 12 for Um; 98 for vit.c |
– | – | 0.68 | (Jin et al., 2011) |
| Antioxidant activity of acetylated EPS | ||||||||
| Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1 | 4 mg/mL | 45.0 for Ac; 38.0 for Um; 89.0 for vit C | 55.0 for Ac; 50.0 for Um; 75.0 for vit c |
59.5 for Ac; 55.5 for Um; 99.0 for vit c | – | Metal ion chelation 61.0 for Ac; 45.5 for Um; 99.0 for vit c |
0.439 | Xiao et al. (2020) |
| Lactobacillus plantarum BR2 | 2.0 mg/mL | 73.81 for Ac; 61.0 for Um | – | Approx. 40.0 for Ac; 35.0 for Um; 70.0 for vit c | Reducing power 37.0 for Ac; 15.0 for Um |
– | – | Soumya and Nampoothiri (2023) |
| Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3 | 1.0 mg/mL | – | 77.8 for Ac; 40.4 for Um; 12.11 for Vit.c | 80.26 for Ac; 68.55 for Um | – | – | 0.53 | Liu et al. (2012) |
| Lactobacillus plantarum 70810 | 4.0 mg/mL | 49.5 for Ac; 28.18 for Um | – | 58.48 for Ac; 30.46 for Um | – | – | 0.41 | (Wang et al. 2015) |
| Antioxidant activity of carboxymethylated EPS | ||||||||
| Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1 | 4.0 mg/mL | 62.0 for Cm; 38.0 for Um; 89.0 for vit C | 55.5 for Cm; 50.0 for Um; 75.0 for vit c |
79.0 for Cm; 55.5 for Um; 99.0 for vit.c | – | Metal ion chelation 68.0 for Cm; 45.5 for Um; 99.0 for vit c |
0.526 | Xiao et al. (2020) |
| Lactobacillus plantarum BR2 | 2.0 mg/mL | 63.78 for Cm; 61.0 for Um | – | Approx. 49.0 for Ac; 35.0 for Um; 70.0 for vit.c | Reducing power 24.0 for Ac; 15.0 for Um |
– | – | Soumya and Nampoothiri (2023) |
| Lactobacillus plantarum 70810 | 4.0 mg/mL | 36.5 for Cm; 28.18 for Um | – | 78.67 for Cm; 30.46 for Um | – | – | 1.1 | (Wang et al. 2015) |
| Leuconostoc spp | 3.0 mg/mL | 27.0 for Cm; 58 for Um | ∼10.09 for Cm; 5.09 for Um | 17.65 for Cm; 15.20 for Um | – | – | 0.57 | Li et al. (2021) |
| Leuconostoc spp | 3.0 mg/mL | ∼22.5 for Cm; 58.0 for Um | ∼10.4 for Cm; 5.09 for Um | 51.52 for Cm; 15.20 for Um | – | – | 0.78 | Li et al. (2021) |
| Leuconostoc spp | 3.0 mg/mL | 20.5 for Cm; 58.0 for Um | ∼11.01 for Cm; 5.09 for Um | 74.31 for Cm; 15.20 for Um | – | – | 1.13 | Li et al. (2021) |
| Leuconostoc spp | 3.0 mg/mL | 18.5 for Cm; 58.0 for Um | ∼11.9 for Cm; 5.09 for Um | 93.68 for Cm; 15.20 for Um | – | – | 1.25 | Li et al. (2021) |
| Antioxidant activity of phosphorylated EPS | ||||||||
| Lactobacillus helveticus MB2-1 | 4 mg/mL | 65.52 for Pr; 38.0 for Um; 89.0 for vit C | 58.0 for Pr; 50.0 for Um; 75.0 for vit c |
64.5 for Pr; 55.5 for Um; 99.0 for vit c | – | Metal ion chelation 63.0 for Pr; 45.5 for Um; 99.0 for vit c |
0.432 | Xiao et al. (2020) |
| Lactobacillus plantarum 70810 | 4.0 mg/mL | 54.95 for Cm; 28.18 for Um | – | 31.5 for Cm; 30.46 for Um | – | – | 0.08 | (Wang et al. 2015) |
| Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3 | 1.0 mg/mL | – | 47.3 for Pr; 40.4 for Um; 12.11 for vit. c | 89.47 for Pr; 68.55 for Um | – | 0.89 | Liu et al. (2012) | |
| Antioxidant activity of benzoylated EPS | ||||||||
| Paenibacillus polymyxa EJS-3 | 1.0 mg/mL | – | 89.8 for Bz; 40.4 for Um | 72.37 for Bz; 68,55 for Um | – | – | – | Liu et al. (2012) |
| Antioxidant activity of Selenized EPS | ||||||||
| Bacillus licheniformis | 4.0 mg/mL | ∼39.3 for Sn; ∼39.7 for Um; ∼100 for vit. c | ∼72.0 for Sn; ∼55.0 for Um; ‘∼100 for vit. C |
∼79.5 for Sn; ∼73.4 Um; ∼100 for vit. C |
– | – | – | Wang et al. (2023) |
Where, Sf = sulfated EPS; Ac = acetylated EPS; Cm = carboxymethylated EPS; Pr = phosphorylated EPS, Bz = benzoylated EPS; Sn = selenized EPS; Um = unmodified; AA = Ascorbic acid (Positive control); vit.c = Vitamin C (+ve control).