Table 2.
Baseline characteristics of the participants
| Study ID | Study arm | Number of patients in each group | Age (Years) Mean (SD) | Gender (Male) N. (%) | BMI, Mean (SD) | LVEF, Mean (SD) | Comorbidities N. (%) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dyslipidemia | Hypertension | Smoking | Diabetes | MI | |||||||
| Ali et al. 2016, Ali et al. 2021 (ILUMIEN III)[16, 17] | IVUS | 146 | 66.33 (8.23) | 107 (73) | 27.8 (4.2) | NA | 107 (73) | 113 (77) | 19 (13) | 55 (38) | 29 (20) |
| OCT | 158 | 65.6 (9.72) | 109 (69) | 28.2 (4.86) | NA | 115 (73) | 124 (78) | 28 (18) | 52 (33) | 35 (22) | |
| Angiography | 146 | 65.6 (13.47) | 107 (73) | 27.8 (4.64) | NA | 112 (77) | 109 (75) | 35 (24) | 42 (29) | 32 (22) | |
| Ali et al. 2023 (ILUMIEN IV)[18] | OCT | 1233 | 65.5 (10.5) | 968 (78.5) | 28.7 (5.3) | 55.2 (8.6) | 808 (65.5) | 880 (71.4) | 242 (19.6) | 523 (42.4) | 252 (20.4) |
| Angiography | 1254 | 65.7 (10.3) | 956 (76.2) | 28.8 (5.5) | 55.2 (8.7) | 860 (68.6) | 928 (74.0) | 247 (19.7) | 521 (41.5) | 303 (24.2) | |
| Antonsen et al. 2015 (OCTACS)[19] | OCT | 50 | 61.8 (9.4) | 36 (72.0) | NA | NA | 22 (44.0) | 28 (56.0) | 23 (46.0) | 8 (16.0) | 2 (4.0) |
| Angiography | 50 | 62.6 (11.0) | 34 (68.0) | NA | NA | 19 (38.0) | 28 (56.0) | 18 (36.0) | 5 (10.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Chamié et al. 2021 (The iSIGHT)[20] | IVUS | 50 | 59.32 (10.37) | 36 (72.0) | 26.96 (4.62) | NA | 30 (60.0) | 42 (84.0) | 14 (28.0) | 20 (40.0) | 17 (34.0) |
| OCT | 51 | 59.92 (8.92) | 31 (60.8) | 28.58 (4.16) | NA | 36 (70.6) | 46 (90.2) | 17 (33.3) | 17 (33.3) | 15 (29.4) | |
| Angiography | 49 | 58.59 (10.20) | 38 (77.5) | 28.81 (5.06) | NA | 28 (57.2) | 39 (79.6) | 14 (28.6) | 22 (44.9) | 17 (34.7) | |
| Chieffo et al. 2013 (AVIO)[21] | IVUS | 142 | 63.9 (10.1) | 117 (82.3) | NA | 55.3 (8.5) | 100 (70.4) | 101 (70.4) | 49 (34.5) | 34 (23.90 | NA |
| Angiography | 142 | 63.6 (11.0) | 109 (767.) | NA | 55.9 (8.6) | 109 (76.8) | 95 (66.9) | 44 (31) | 38 (26.8) | NA | |
| Fallesen et al. 2022 (HONEST)[22] | OCT | 37 | 61.1 (10.9) | 28 (78.4) | 28.8 (4.5) | NA | 15 (40.5) | 15 (40.5) | 10 (27.0) | 2 (5.4) | 4 (10.8) |
| Angiography | 38 | 61.7 (10.1) | 31 (81.6) | 28.3 (4.3) | NA | 13 (34.2) | 16 (42.1) | 12 (31.6) | 4 (10.5) | 4 (10.5) | |
| Frey et al. 2000 (SIPS)[23] | ICUS | 121 | 61.2 (8.1) | 99 (82) | NA | 0.83 (0.72) | 105 (88) | 77 (64) | 56 (47) | 19 (16) | 69 (58) |
| Angiography | 148 | 60.7 (9.6) | 113 (76) | NA | 0.70 (0.69) | 129 (87) | 82 (56) | 66 (45) | 24 (16) | 77 (52) | |
| Zhang et al. 2018, Gao et al. 2021 (ULTIMATE)[24, 56] | IVUS | 724 | 65.2 (10.9) | 535 (73.9) | 25.3 (18.0) | 60.9 (7.9) | 389 (53.7) | 512 (70.7) | 253 (34.9) | 217 (30.0) | 67 (9.3) |
| Angiography | 724 | 65.9 (9.8) | 530 (73.2) | 25.4 (19.3) | 60.3 (9.3) | 400 (55.2) | 521 (72.0) | 228 (31.5) | 226 (31.2) | 86 (11.9) | |
| Gaster et al. 2003 and 2009[25, 26] | IVUS | 54 | 56.6 (25.13) | 54 (100) | NA | 65 (12) | 52 (96) | 11 (20) | 16 (30) | 2 (4) | 29 (54) |
| Angiography | 54 | 56 (34.27) | 54 (100) | NA | 69 (12) | 50 (93) | 12 (24) | 8 (15) | 9 (11) | 24 (44) | |
| Gil et al. 2007 (DIPOL)[27] | IVUS | 179 | 53.8 (8.7) | 131 (73.1) | NA | 53 (8.5) | 87 (48.6) | NA | 87 (48.6) | 21 (11) | 74 (41.5) |
| Angiography | 80 | 54 (8) | 58(73) | NA | 48 (10) | 32 (40) | NA | 42 (52) | 9 (11) | 32 (40) | |
| Habara et al. 2012[28] | IVUS | 35 | 67.4 (8.0) | 26 (74.3) | NA | NA | 21 (60) | 9 (25.7) | 3 (8.6) | 9 (25.7) | 3 (8.6) |
| OCT | 35 | 67.6 (9.7) | 29 (82.9) | NA | NA | 15 (42.9) | 11 (31.4) | 7 (20.0) | 11 (31.4) | 3 (8.6) | |
| Holm et al. 2023 (OCTOBER)[29] | OCT | 600 | 66.4 (10.5) | 473 (78.8) | 28.0 (4.6) | 56.5 (7.43) | 456 (76.0) | 422 (70.3) | 77 (12.8) | 103 (17.2) | 170 (28.3) |
| Angiography | 601 | 66.2 (9.9) | 475 (79) | 28.2 (4.9) | 56 (7.43) | 471 (78.4) | 448 (74.5) | 85 (14.1) | 97 (16.1) | 180 (30.0) | |
| Hong et al. 2015 and 2020 (The IVUS-XPL)[30, 31] | IVUS | 700 | 64 (9) | 483 (69) | 24.6 (3.0) | 62.9 (9.8) | 471 (67) | 454 (65) | 155 (22) | 250 (36) | 34 (5) |
| Angiography | 700 | 64 (9) | 481 (69) | 24.8 (3.1) | 62.4 (10.2) | 458 (65) | 444 (63) | 181 (26) | 256 (37) | 29 (4) | |
| Jakabcin et al. 2010 (HOME DES IVUS)[32] | IVUS | 105 | 60.2 (11) | 75 (71) | NA | NA | 69 (66) | 75 (71) | 37 (35) | 47 (45) | 34 (32) |
| Angiography | 105 | 59.4 (13) | 77 (73) | NA | NA | 66 (63) | 70 (67) | 42 (40) | 44 (42) | 39 (37) | |
| Jia et al. 2022 (EROSION III)[33] | OCT | 112 | 54.5 (11.2) | 89 (79.5) | NA | NA | NA | 47 (42.0) | 64 (57.1) | 29 (25.9) | NA |
| Angiography | 114 | 56.4 (10.4) | 91 (79.8) | NA | NA | NA | 45 (39.5) | 73 (64.0) | 19 (16.7) | NA | |
| Kala et al. 2018 (ROBUST)[34] | OCT | 105 | 57 (6.9) | 92 (83) | NA | NA | NA | 53 (50) | 67 (64) | 18 (17) | 11 (1) |
| Angiography | 96 | 59 (6.2) | 84 (87) | NA | NA | NA | 50 (52) | 54 (59) | 25 (26) | 58 (6) | |
| Kang et al. 2023 (OCTIVUS)[35] | IVUS | 1003 | 65.1 (10.5) | 787 (78.3) | 25 (3.1) | 60.1 (7.5) | 841 (83.9) | 639 (63.7) | 189 (18.8) | 345 (34.4) | 63 (6.3) |
| OCT | 1005 | 64.3 (10.3) | 788 (78.6) | 24.9 (3.2) | 60.5(7.2) | 840 (83.6) | 647 (64.4) | 217 (21.6) | 325 (32.3) | 78 (7.8) | |
| Kim et al. 2013 (RESET)[36] | IVUS | 269 | 62.8 (9.30) | 177 (65.8) | NA | 55.3 (23.9) | 165 (61.3) | 165 (61.3) | 67 (22.6) | 190 (64) | 3 (1.0) |
| Angiography | 274 | 64.3 (8.7) | 150 (54.7) | NA | 54 (25) | 165 (61.7) | 178 (65.8) | 38 (15.4) | 144 (58.5) | 8 (3.3) | |
| Kim et al. 2015 (CTO-IVUS)[37] | IVUS | 201 | 61 (11.1) | 162 (80.6) | NA | 56.9 (13.1) | NA | 126 (62.7) | 71 (35.5) | 70 (34.8) | 16 (8) |
| Angiography | 201 | 61.4 (10.1) | 162 (80.6) | NA | 56.7 (11.4) | NA | 128 (63.7) | 69 (34.3) | 68 (33.8) | 16 (8) | |
| Kim et al. 2015[38] | OCT | 50 | 58.8 (10.8) | 39 (78) | NA | 64.2 (7.4) | 33 (66) | 27 (54) | 16 (32) | 16 (32) | 3 (6) |
| Angiography | 51 | 61.6 (9.7) | 37 (72.5) | NA | 63.8 (8.6) | 37 (72.5) | 25 (49) | 15 (29.4) | 16 (31.4) | 8 (2) | |
| Kubo et al. 2017 (OPINION)[39] | IVUS | 405 | 68 (9) | 322 (79.5) | NA | NA | 321 (79.3) | 299 (73.8) | 73 (18) | 165 (40.7) | 61 (15.1) |
| OCT | 412 | 69 (9) | 315 (76.5) | NA | NA | 316 (76.7) | 315 (76.5) | 67 (16.3) | 169 (41) | 70 (17) | |
| Lee et al. 2020[40] | OCT | 88 | 57.8 (10.4) | 64 (72.7) | 24.8 (3.2) | 65 (5.5) | 73 (83.0) | 51 (58.0) | 18 (20.5) | 18 (20.5) | 6 (6.8) |
| Angiography | 88 | 59.5 (8.9) | 67 (76.1) | 25.1 (2.7) | 67 (6) | 77 (87.5 | 56 (63.6) | 22 (25.0) | 25 (28.4) | 6 (6.8) | |
| Lee et al. 2023 (RENOVATE-COMPLEX-PCI)[41] | IVUS | 1092 | 65.3 (10.3) | 869 (79.6) | NA | 58.4 (11.9) | 560 (51.3) | 682 (62.5) | 212 (19.4) | 394 (36.1) | 75 (6.9) |
| Angiography | 547 | 66 (10) | 431 (78.8) | NA | 59.3 (11) | 280 (51.2) | 323 (59) | 95 (17.4) | 223 (40.8) | 42 (7.7) | |
| Liu et al. 2018[42] | IVUS | 167 | 65.3 (10.6) | 106 (63.5) | 23.8 (3.8) | 55.6 (11.7) | 63 (37.7) | 116 (69.5) | 62 (37.1) | 56 (33.5) | 29 (17.4) |
| Angiography | 169 | 64.9 (11.2) | 108 (63.9) | 24.1 (2.9) | 58.4 (10.5) | 64 (37.9) | 122 (72.2) | 60 (35.5) | 52 (30.8) | 24 (14.2) | |
| Mariani et al. 2014, Mariani et al. 2015 (MOZART)[43, 44] | IVUS | 41 | 67.1 (4.4) | 25 (61) | NA | NA | NA | 40 (97.6) | 17 (41.5) | 30 (73.2) | NA |
| Angiography | 42 | 62.1 (4.8) | 24 (57.1) | NA | NA | NA | 42 (100) | 17 (40.4) | 34 (81) | NA | |
| Meneveau et al. 2016 (DOCTORS)[45] | OCT | 120 | 60.8 (11.5) | 95 (79.2) | NA | NA | 59 (49.2) | 67 (55.8) | 47 (39.2) | 26 (21.7) | NA |
| Angiography | 120 | 60.2(11.3) | 91 (75.8) | NA | NA | 56 (46.7) | 50 (41.7) | 51 (42.5) | 19 (15.8) | NA | |
| Mudra et al. 2001 (OPTICUS)[46] | IVUS | 273 | 60.1 (10) | 77 (28.2) | NA | 56.5 (14) | NA | 131 (48) | 188 (69) | 46 (17) | 87 (32) |
| Angiography | 275 | 61.5 (9.5) | 78 (28.3) | NA | 57.7 (14.3) | NA | 143 (52) | 181 (66) | 46 (17) | 87 (32) | |
| Muramatsu et al. 2020 (MISTIC-1)[47] | IVUS | 55 | 71 (8) | 44 (80) | NA | 57 (12) | 36 (65.5) | 39 (70.9) | 12 (21.8) | 24 (43.6) | 16 (29.1) |
| OCT | 54 | 72 (9.5) | 41 (75.9) | NA | 58 (11) | 43 (79.6) | 34 (63) | 22 (40.7) | 27 (50) | 19 (35.2) | |
| Oemrawsingh et al. 2003 (TULIP)[48] | IVUS | 74 | 61 (10) | 71 (95.9) | NA | 0 | NA | 27 (36.4) | 40 (54) | 16 (21.6) | NA |
| Angiography | 76 | 63 (10) | 72 (94.7) | NA | 0 | NA | 30 (39.4) | 53 (69.7) | 21 (27.6) | NA | |
| Russo et al. 2009 (AVID)[49] | IVUS | 394 | 62 (12) | 288 (73) | NA | 53 (13) | 158 (40) | 181 (46) | NA | 59 (15) | 138 (35) |
| Angiography | 406 | 63 (11) | 276 (68) | NA | 55 (13) | 179 (44) | 183 (45) | NA | 69 (17) | 118 (29) | |
| Schiele et al. 1998 (The RESIST)[50] | IVUS | 79 | 57 (10) | 68 (86) | NA | 53 (13) | NA | 24 (30) | 55 (70) | 9 (11) | 54 (68) |
| Angiography | 76 | 56 (12) | 71 (93) | NA | 51 (9) | NA | 26 (34) | 51 (67) | 8 (11) | 48 (63) | |
| Schneider et al. 2021 (OPTICO‑integration II)[51] | OCT | 28 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Angiography | 28 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Tan et al. 2015[52] | IVUS | 61 | 76.54 (4.95) | 38 (62.2) | NA | 55.32 (5.02) | NA | 25 (41) | 27 (44.3) | 21 (34.4) | 10 (16.4) |
| Angiography | 62 | 75.85 (3.49) | 43 (69.3) | NA | 53.33 (7.14) | NA | 29 (46.8) | 29 (46.8) | 18 (29.5) | 13 (21) | |
| Tian et al. 2015 (AIR-CTO)[53] | IVUS | 115 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Angiography | 115 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
| Ueki et al. 2020 (OPTICO BVS)[54] | OCT | 19 | 63.3 (12.7) | 15 (79) | 27.7 (4.1) | 61 (7.6) | 13 (68) | 7 (37) | 7 (37) | 4 (21) | 4 (21) |
| Angiography | 19 | 62.9 (9.1) | 15 (79) | 28.2 (3.7) | 64.4 (10.5) | 12 (63) | 11 (58) | 6 (32) | 4 (21) | 2 (11) | |
| Wang et al. 2015[55] | IVUS | 38 | 56.4 (9.4) | 23 (60.5) | NA | 48.3 (5.7) | NA | 15 (39.5) | 19 (50) | 8 (21.1) | NA |
| Angiography | 42 | 53.7 (11.8) | 28 (66.7) | NA | 49.7 (5.9) | NA | 10 (23.8) | 25 (59.5) | 5 (11.9) | NA | |
SD, standard deviation; BMI, body mass index; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; MI: Myocardial infarction; IVUS: Intravascular ultrasound; OCT: Optical coherence tomography; NA: not available