Fig. 7.

Schematics of action of HA–iMSC–EVs in DPCs. A Under testosterone (T)-rich condition, AR expression and DHT production increase, promoting GSK3β-dependent β-catenin degradation and increasing the catagen inducers. B HA–iMSC–EVs decrease testosterone-induced AR activation and inhibit GSK3β-dependent β-catenin degradation. Subsequently, the expression of anagenic growth factors is promoted, suppressing and testosterone-induced hair loss. DHT, Dihydrotestosterone; DPC, dermal papilla cell; EV, extracellular vesicle; HA, hyaluronic acid; iMSC, induced pluripotent stem cell-derived mesenchymal stem cell