Table 2.
The association between GAmAge, GEAA, and OWO groups across different age periods
| Birth to 1y | Effect | GAmAge | GEAA | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| z-score | p-value | OR [95%CI] | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] | ||
| Ref: NW | Early OWO | 0.53 | 0.60 | 1.00 [0.98,1.03] | 0.29 | 0.77 | 1.00 [0.98,1.03] |
| Late OWO | -2.63 | 0.008 | 0.96 [0.94,0.99] | 0.36 | 0.72 | 1.00 [0.98,1.03] | |
| NW to very late OWO | -2.03 | 0.04 | 0.98 [0.95,0.99] | -1.79 | 0.07 | 0.98 [0.95, 1.00] | |
| Ref: NW to very late OWO | Early OWO | 2.58 | 0.009 | 1.03 [1.01,1.06] | 2.10 | 0.035 | 1.03 [1.00,1.05] |
| Late OWO | -0.60 | 0.54 | 0.99 [0.97,1.01] | 2.33 | 0.019 | 1.03 [1.00,1.05] | |
| Ref: Late OWO | Early OWO | 3.23 | 0.001 | 1.04 [1.01,1.06] | -0.06 | 0.95 | 0.99 [0.97,1.02] |
| Birth to 2y | Effect | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] |
| Ref: NW | Early OWO | -0.002 | 0.99 | 0.99 [0.97,1.02] | 0.73 | 0.36 | 1.01 [0.98,1.03] |
| Late OWO | -1.25 | 0.21 | 0.98 [0.96,1.01] | 0.39 | 0.69 | 1.00 [0.98,1.03] | |
| NW to very late OWO | -1.35 | 0.17 | 0.98 [0.96,1.01] | -1.61 | 0.11 | 0.98 [0.96,1.00] | |
| Ref: NW to very late OWO | Early OWO | 1.35 | 0.18 | 1.02 [0.99,1.04] | 2.33 | 0.02 | 1.03 [1.00,1.05] |
| Late OWO | 0.14 | 0.89 | 1.00 [0.98,1.02] | 2.08 | 0.04 | 1.02 [1.00,1.05] | |
| Ref: Late OWO | Early OWO | 1.27 | 0.21 | 1.01 [0.99,1.04] | 0.36 | 0.72 | 1.00 [0.98,1.03] |
| Birth to 3y | Effect | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] |
| Ref: NW | Early OWO | -0.49 | 0.63 | 0.99 [0.97,1.02] | 1.48 | 0.14 | 1.02 [0.99.1.04] |
| Late OWO | -1.78 | 0.07 | 0.98 [0.96,1.00] | 0.84 | 0.40 | 1.01 [0.99,1.03] | |
| NW to very late OWO | -2.03 | 0.04 | 0.98 [0.95,0.99] | -0.62 | 0.53 | 0.99 [0.97,1.02] | |
| Ref: NW to very late OWO | Early OWO | 1.52 | 0.13 | 1.02 [0.99,1.04] | 2.06 | 0.04 | 1.02 [1.00,1.05] |
| Late OWO | 0.28 | 0.78 | 1.00 [0.98,1.03] | 1.48 | 0.14 | 1.02 [0.99,1.04] | |
| Ref: Late OWO | Early OWO | 1.30 | 0.19 | 1.01 [0.99,1.04] | 0.66 | 0.51 | 1.01 [0.99,1.03] |
| Birth to 6y | Effect | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] |
| Ref: NW | Early OWO | -0.74 | 0.46 | 0.99 [0.97,1.01] | 1.83 | 0.07 | 1.02 [0.99,1.04] |
| Late OWO | -2.43 | 0.02 | 0.97 [0.95,0.99] | 1.85 | 0.06 | 1.02 [0.99,1.04] | |
| NW to very late OWO | -2.04 | 0.04 | 0.98 [0.95,0.99] | 0.04 | 0.97 | 1.00 [0.98,1.02] | |
| Ref: NW to very late OWO | Early OWO | 1.29 | 0.20 | 1.01 [0.99,1.04] | 0.47 | 0.08 | 1.02 [0.99,1.05] |
| Late OWO | -0.31 | 0.75 | 0.9 [0.97,1.02] | 0.43 | 0.07 | 1.02 [0.99,1.04] | |
| Ref: Late OWO | Early OWO | 1.69 | 0.09 | 1.02 [0.99,1.04] | 0.006 | 0.99 | 1.00 [0.98,1.02] |
| Birth to 10y | Effect | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] |
| Ref: NW | Early OWO | -0.87 | 0.38 | 0.99 [0.97,1.01] | 2.07 | 0.04 | 1.02 [1.00,1.05] |
| Late OWO | -2.28 | 0.02 | 0.97 [0.95,0.99] | 1.87 | 0.06 | 1.02 [0.99,1.05] | |
| NW to very late OWO | -0.60 | 0.55 | 0.99 [0.97,1.02] | -0.52 | 0.60 | 0.99 [0.97,1.02] | |
| Ref: NW to very late OWO | Early OWO | -0.26 | 0.79 | 0.99 [0.97,1.02] | 2.58 | 0.009 | 1.03[1.01,1.06] |
| Late OWO | -1.67 | 0.09 | 0.98 [0.96,1.00] | 2.43 | 0.01 | 1.03 [1.01,1.05] | |
| Ref: Late OWO | Early OWO | 1.45 | 0.15 | 1.02 [0.99,1.04] | 0.26 | 0.79 | 1.00 [0.98,1.02] |
| Birth to 14y | Effect | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] |
| Ref: NW | Early OWO | -0.70 | 0.48 | 0.99 [0.97,1.01] | 1.72 | 0.08 | 1.02 [0.99,1.04] |
| Late OWO | -2.05 | 0.04 | 0.98 [0.96,0.99] | 1.35 | 0.17 | 1.01 [0.99,1.04] | |
| NW to very late OWO | -0.79 | 0.43 | 0.99 [0.97,1.01] | -0.32 | 0.75 | 0.99 [0.97,1.02] | |
| Ref: NW to very late OWO | Early OWO | 0.13 | 0.89 | 1.00 [0.98,1.02] | 2.05 | 0.04 | 1.02 [1.00,1.05] |
| Late OWO | -1.21 | 0.23 | 0.99 [0.96,1.01] | 1.71 | 0.09 | 1.02 [0.99,1.04] | |
| Ref: Late OWO | Early OWO | 1.43 | 0.15 | 1.02 [0.99,1.04] | 0.46 | 0.65 | 1.00 [0.98,1.03] |
| Birth to 18y | Effect | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] | z-score | p-value | OR [95% CI] |
| Ref: NW | Early OWO | -0.20 | 0.84 | 0.99 [0.97,1.02] | 1.37 | 0.17 | 1.02 [0.99,1.04] |
| Late OWO | -1.36 | 0.17 | 0.98 [0.96,1.01] | 0.64 | 0.52 | 1.01 [0.98,1.03] | |
| NW to very late OWO | 0.56 | 0.58 | 1.01 [0.98,1.03] | -0.79 | 0.43 | 0.99 [0.96,1.02] | |
| Ref: NW to very late OWO | Early OWO | -0.79 | 0.42 | 0.99 [0.97,1.01] | 2.21 | 0.03 | 1.03 [1.00,1.05] |
| Late OWO | -1.99 | 0.046 | 0.98 [0.96,0.99] | 1.52 | 0.13 | 1.01 [0.99,1.04] | |
| Ref: Late OWO | Early OWO | 1.28 | 0.20 | 1.01 [0.99,1.03] | 0.86 | 0.39 | 1.01 [0.99,1.03] |
The model includes mutual adjustment for GAmAge and GEAA and the following covariates: maternal smoking, delivery method, and child sex. Results presented for the GAmAge and GEAA (both in days) predictors. N = 831
GAmAge Gestational methylation age, GEAA Gestational age