Table 1.

Description of early maladaptive schemas and schema domains

Schema domain	Description of the domain	Early maladaptive schema (EMS)
Disconnection/rejection	The belief that one’s needs for security, nurturance and empathy will not be satisfied	Abandonment Mistrust/abuse Emotional deprivation Defectiveness/Shame Social isolation
Impaired autonomy/performance	The belief that one's ability to survive and cope autonomously or perform successfully is impaired	Dependence Vulnerability Enmeshment Failure
Impaired limits	Difficulties in controlling impulses, obeying rules, and practicing goal-directed behaviors	Entitlement Insufficient self-Control
Other-directedness	The needs, desires and responses of other people are overvalued and considered instead of their own needs	Subjugation Self-sacrifice Approval-seeking
Overvigilance and inhibition	The spontaneous emotions and drives are repressed and displaced by inflexible internalized norms about performance and conduct	Negativity Emotional Inhibition Unrelenting Standards Punitiveness