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. 2024 Sep 11;14(9):e70019. doi: 10.1002/ctm2.70019

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Functions of UFMylation in the endocrine system. The endocrine system crosstalks with the immune system through hormonal networks. UFM1 knockout impedes the ER‐Golgi transport of ARs. 38 ERα could be UFMylated to promote its stability and transactivity, 68 and ASC1 UFMylation is necessary for the transactivation of ERα in the presence of E2. 27 In pancreas, UFMylation components are overexpressed and protect pancreatic β cells from ER stress‐induced apoptosis. 96